Download Biology Chapter 14 TEST (2010)

Biology Chapter 14 TEST (2010)
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____
1. How many chromosomes are shown in a normal human karyotype?
a. 2
b. 23
c. 44
d. 46
____
2. Which of the following are shown in a karyotype?
a. homologous chromosomes
b. sex chromosomes
c. autosomes
d. all of the above
____
3. Which of the following can be observed in a karyotype?
a. a change in a DNA base
b. an extra chromosome
c. genes
d. alleles
____
4. In humans, a male has
a. one X chromosome only.
b. two X chromosomes.
c. one X chromosome and one Y chromosome.
d. two Y chromosomes.
____
5. Human females produce egg cells that have
a. one X chromosome.
b. two X chromosomes.
c. one X or one Y chromosome.
d. one X and one Y chromosome.
____
6. What is the approximate probability that a human offspring will be female?
a. 10%
b. 25%
c. 50%
d. 75%
____
7. What percentage of human sperm cells carry an X chromosome?
a. 0%
b. 25%
c. 50%
d. 100%
____
8. A human female inherits
a. one copy of every gene located on each of the X chromosomes.
b. twice as many sex chromosomes as a human male inherits.
c. one copy of every gene located on the Y chromosome.
d. all of the same genes that a human male inherits.
____
9. In a pedigree, a circle represents a(an)
a. male.
b. female.
c. child.
d. adult.
____ 10. A pedigree CANNOT be used to
a. determine whether a trait is inherited.
b. show how a trait is passed from one generation to the next.
c. determine whether an allele is dominant or recessive.
d. none of the above
____ 11. Which of the following would you be least likely to see in a pedigree?
a. All of the symbols are unshaded.
b. All of the symbols are shaded.
c. All of the symbols are half-shaded.
d. About half of the symbols are circles.
____ 12. Which of the following is caused by a dominant allele?
a. Huntington’s disease
b. PKU
c. Tay-Sachs disease
d. none of the above
____ 13. Which of the following is determined by multiple alleles?
a. Rh blood group
b. ABO blood group
c. PKU
d. Huntington’s disease
____ 14. A person who has PKU
a. inherited the recessive allele for the trait from one parent.
b. inherited the recessive allele for the trait from both parents.
c. is heterozygous for the trait.
d. will not pass the allele for the trait to his or her offspring.
____ 15. Which of the following genotypes result in the same phenotype?
a. IAIA and IAIB
b. IBIB and IBi
c. IBIB and IAIB
d. IBi and ii
____ 16. If a man with blood type A and a woman with blood type B produce an offspring, what might be the
offspring’s blood type?
a. AB or O
b. A, B, or O
c. A, B, AB, or O
d. AB only
____ 17. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
a. A person with Huntington’s disease might not pass the allele for the disease to his or her
offspring.
b. A person with Huntington’s disease might be homozygous for the disease.
c. Huntington’s disease is caused by a recessive allele.
d. A person who inherits one allele for Huntington’s disease will develop the disease.
____ 18. Sickle cell disease is caused by a
a. change in one DNA base.
b. change in the size of a chromosome.
c. change in two genes.
d. change in the number of chromosomes in a cell.
____ 19. In cystic fibrosis, a change in a single gene causes the protein called CFTR to
a. become less soluble.
b. fold improperly.
c. destroy the cell membrane.
d. transport sodium ions instead of chloride ions.
____ 20. Compared with normal hemoglobin, the hemoglobin of a person with sickle cell disease
a. is longer.
b. is shorter.
c. has a different sequence of amino acids.
d. is wider.
____ 21. Which of the following does NOT lead to cystic fibrosis?
a. missing codon in mRNA
b. shorter CFTR polypeptide chain
c. point mutation
d. absence of CFTR in cell membrane
____ 22. People who are heterozygous for sickle cell disease are generally healthy because
a. they are resistant to malaria.
b. they usually have some normal hemoglobin in their red blood cells.
c. their abnormal hemoglobin usually doesn’t cause their red blood cells to become sickleshaped.
d. they do not produce abnormal hemoglobin.
____ 23. The sequencing of human chromosomes 21 and 22 showed that
a. some regions of chromosomes do not code for proteins.
b. all of the DNA of chromosomes codes for proteins.
c. different chromosomes have the same number of genes.
d. different chromosomes contain the same number of DNA bases.
____ 24. Alleles found on the same chromosomes
a. are dominant.
b. are never separated by recombination.
c. are linked.
d. contain repetitive DNA.
____ 25. The long stretches of repetitive DNA in chromosomes 21 and 22 are unstable sites
a. that contain genes.
b. where rearrangements occur.
c. that cause genetic disorders.
d. that do not allow crossing-over to occur.
____ 26. Many sex-linked genes are located on
a. the autosomes.
b. the X chromosome only.
c. the Y chromosome only.
d. both the X chromosome and the Y chromosome.
____ 27. Colorblindness is more common in males than in females because
a. fathers pass the allele for colorblindness to their sons only.
b. the allele for colorblindness is located on the Y chromosome.
c. the allele for colorblindness is recessive and located on the X chromosome.
d. males who are colorblind have two copies of the allele for colorblindness.
____ 28. Which of the following statements is true?
a. Females cannot have hemophilia.
b. The father of a colorblind boy may be colorblind.
c. A sex-linked allele cannot be dominant.
d. The mother of a colorblind boy must be colorblind.
____ 29. Which of the following form(s) a Barr body?
a. the Y chromosome in a male cell
b. the X chromosome in a male cell
c. one of the X chromosomes in a female cell
d. both of the X chromosomes in a female cell
____ 30. The formation of a Barr body
a. causes the genes on one of the X chromosomes in a female cell to be switched off.
b. always causes the same X chromosome in a female’s cells to be switched off.
c. switches on the Y chromosome in a male cell.
d. none of the above
____ 31. A cat that has spots of only one color
a. has no Barr bodies.
b. must be a male.
c. must be a female.
d. may be a male or a female.
____ 32. The failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis is called
a. nondisjunction.
b. X-chromosome inactivation.
c. Turner’s syndrome.
d. Down syndrome.
____ 33. Because the X chromosome contains genes that are vital for normal development, no baby has been born
a. with one X chromosome.
b. with three X chromosomes.
c. without an X chromosome.
d. with four X chromosomes.
____ 34. Which of the following combinations of sex chromosomes represents a female?
a. XY
b. XXY
c. XXXY
d. XX
____ 35. If nondisjunction occurs during meiosis,
a. only two gametes may form instead of four.
b. some gametes may have an extra copy of some genes.
c. the chromatids do not separate.
d. it occurs during prophase.
____ 36. Nondisjunction can involve
a. autosomes.
b. sex chromosomes.
c. homologous chromosomes.
d. all of the above
____ 37. Scientists test for alleles that cause human genetic disorders by
a. making karyotypes.
b. making DNA fingerprints.
c. detecting the DNA sequences found in those alleles.
d. making pedigrees.
____ 38. The process of DNA fingerprinting is based on the fact that
a. the most important genes are different among most people.
b. no two people, except identical twins, have exactly the same DNA.
c. most genes are dominant.
d. most people have DNA that contains repeats.
____ 39. What conclusion CANNOT be made from two DNA fingerprints that show identical patterns of bands?
a. The DNA from the two DNA fingerprints almost certainly came from the same person.
b. The DNA from the two DNA fingerprints definitely came from two different people.
c. The DNA from the two DNA fingerprints definitely came from the same person.
d. The DNA repeats that formed the bands in each DNA fingerprint are the same length.
____ 40. The Human Genome Project is an attempt to
a. make a DNA fingerprint of every person’s DNA.
b. sequence all human DNA.
c. cure human diseases.
d. identify alleles in human DNA that are recessive.
____ 41. The human genome was sequenced
a. by sequencing each gene on each chromosome, one at a time.
b. using DNA fingerprinting.
c. by looking for overlapping regions between sequenced DNA fragments.
d. using open reading frames.
____ 42. Which of the following information CANNOT be obtained from the Human Genome Project?
a. causes of genetic disorders
b. amino acid sequences of human proteins
c. locations of genes on chromosomes
d. whether an allele is dominant or recessive
____ 43. The purpose of gene therapy is to
a. cure genetic disorders.
b. determine the sequences of genes.
c. remove mutations from genes.
d. change dominant alleles to recessive alleles.
____ 44. Which of the following is the first step in gene therapy?
a. splicing the normal gene to viral DNA
b. allowing recombinant viruses to infect human cells
c. using restriction enzymes to cut out the normal gene from DNA
d. identifying the faulty gene that causes the disease
____ 45. Gene therapy is successful if the
a. viruses carrying the replacement gene infect the person’s cells.
b. replacement gene is replicated in the person’s cells.
c. replacement gene is transcribed in the person’s cells.
d. replacement gene is successfully spliced to viral DNA.
Other
USING SCIENCE SKILLS
Figure 14-1
46. Inferring In the human karyotype in Figure 14-1, what are the chromosomes in each numbered group called?
47. Comparing and Contrasting In Figure 14-1, how are the chromosomes that make up each numbered pair
similar?
48. Classifying Which chromosomes in Figure 14-1 are autosomes?
49. Interpreting Graphics In the human karyotype in Figure 14-1, how many chromosomes are shown?
50. Drawing Conclusions Identify the sex chromosomes in Figure 14-1. Does the karyotype show the normal
number of sex chromosomes? Explain.
USING SCIENCE SKILLS
The pedigree shows the inheritance of free earlobes and attached earlobes in five generations of a family.
Attached earlobes are caused by a recessive allele (f). Half-shaded symbols are NOT used in this pedigree to
show carriers of the allele.
Figure 14-2
51. Inferring Is individual 2 in Figure 14-2 homozygous or heterozygous for free earlobes? Explain.
52. Interpreting Graphics In Figure 14-2, how many children of individuals 4 and 5 have attached earlobes?
53. Inferring Can you be certain of the genotype of individual 5 in Figure 14-2? Explain.
54. Predicting Predict the genotype and phenotype of individual 14 in Figure 14-2.
55. Inferring In Figure 14-2, are any of the descendants of individuals 1 and 2 homozygous for free earlobes?
USING SCIENCE SKILLS
To determine a person’s blood type, a drop of anti-A serum and a drop of anti-B serum are placed at either
end of a microscope slide. Then, a drop of the person’s blood is added to each drop of serum. Clumping in
anti-A serum or anti-B serum indicates the presence of antigen A or antigen B in the blood, respectively.
Figure 14-3
56. Interpreting Graphics Which numbered slide in Figure 14-3 shows type B blood?
57. Inferring In Figure 14-3, which slide shows the blood of a person who can safely receive any type of blood
in a transfusion? Identify the person’s blood type.
58. Interpreting Graphics Which slide in Figure 14-3 shows blood that contains no antigens? How do you
know?
59. Inferring In Figure 14-3, what is the genotype or genotypes of the person whose blood is shown in slide 1?
60. Inferring Anti-sera are extracted from blood. Based on what is shown in Figure 14-3, what type of blood
does not contain anti-A or anti-B serum? Explain why?