* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download 1 BIOS 1300 SI SI WORKSHEET 8 (Chapter 3 Cont.) SI Leader
RNA interference wikipedia , lookup
Holliday junction wikipedia , lookup
Community fingerprinting wikipedia , lookup
RNA silencing wikipedia , lookup
Gel electrophoresis of nucleic acids wikipedia , lookup
Molecular cloning wikipedia , lookup
Biochemistry wikipedia , lookup
Promoter (genetics) wikipedia , lookup
Molecular evolution wikipedia , lookup
Point mutation wikipedia , lookup
Non-coding DNA wikipedia , lookup
DNA supercoil wikipedia , lookup
Cre-Lox recombination wikipedia , lookup
RNA polymerase II holoenzyme wikipedia , lookup
Polyadenylation wikipedia , lookup
Silencer (genetics) wikipedia , lookup
Eukaryotic transcription wikipedia , lookup
Artificial gene synthesis wikipedia , lookup
Transcriptional regulation wikipedia , lookup
Non-coding RNA wikipedia , lookup
Gene expression wikipedia , lookup
Expanded genetic code wikipedia , lookup
Genetic code wikipedia , lookup
Transfer RNA wikipedia , lookup
Nucleic acid analogue wikipedia , lookup
Deoxyribozyme wikipedia , lookup
1 BIOS 1300 SI SI WORKSHEET 8 (Chapter 3 Cont.) SI Leader: Merrin Jeffries (email:[email protected]) February 5, 2015 DNA Base Pairing There are base pairing rules for writing complimentary DNA strands for a given strand. A pairs with T C pairs with G In RNA, A pairs with U, instead of T. 1. Write the complimentary DNA strand for each given strand of DNA. a. CGTAAGCGCTAATTA b. TCTTAAATGATCGATC c. AATGAATAGCTAGCTT d. GGCATTCGCGATCATG e. CGTTAGCATGCTTCAT f. ACTAACGGTAGCTAGC 2.Now write the mRNA strand for the given DNA strand. a. ATGTCGCTGATACTGT b. GAAGCGATCAGTTACG c. AATGAATAGCTAGCTT d. GGCATTCGCGATCATG e. CGTTAGCATGCTTCAT f. ACTAACGGTAGCTAGC 2 3. Write the tRNA sequence for the given strand of mRNA a. AGGUCAUGCAUGGGCAUGCAU b. AGAGAUUCAGCUAGCACGAUA c. GUCAUCGAUCGAUCGGAUGCC d. UUUCAGUCAGCUAGCGAUCGU 4. Now you will translate the amino acid sequence for the given tRNA strand. Remember that codons are 3 base pairs long. a. AUG CAC UGU CCU UUC GCU GAC b. GAG AUC UGG UUG GAA UCG c. AGC GUA UUA ACG UAU CAU d. AGU CGA UCG AUG CGG AUG AUA e. GUC GUC GAU AGC UAU CAU GCA 5. Transcribe the following DNA strand. Then translate the tRNA strand you wrote. a. TGAGTCGACTGGCTGACCGTAGAC b. CTTGGCTTATGGTGGTTCGCTCGC 6. The following are pieces of mRNA. Give the DNA strand from which it was transcribed. a. GAGAUCUGGUUGGAAUCG b. AGCGUAUUAACGUAUCAU 3 7. Complete the table below showing the sequences of DNA, mRNA codons, tRNA anticodons and the amino acids. Remember the genetic code is based on mRNA codons. DNA GAT mRNA codon UAU tRNA anticodon Amino Acid UUC Tryptophan 4 8. Using the following piece of DNA, give the mRNA molecule and the amino acid sequence for which it codes. DNA- A T A T A A A C G A G G A A A T T C C G G G C G mRNA: tRNA: Amino acids: 9. Use the mRNA sequence to find the DNA sequence and the amino acid sequence. DNA mRNA- A U G C C U A C A U G U G G U G U A A C C U U A tRNA Amino acids 10. For each codon below, give the tRNA anticodon. a. UUC _______ b. AUC _______ c. CCG _______ d. CGU _______ 5 Gene expression: The process by which DNA directs the synthesis of proteins I. Transcription: 1. Initiation - RNA polymerase attaches to the DNA at the promoter, _____________________________________________________, and separates the 2 DNA strands - In prokaryotes, RNA polymerase attaches directly to the promoter - In eukaryotes, RNA polymerase binds to a specific promoter sequence called the __________________ with the help of _________________________________. 2. Elongation: RNA polymerase adds RNA nucleotides to the ______ end of the growing mRNA chain 3. Termination - In prokaryotes, transcription ends once a ___________________ sequence is transcribed - In eukaryotes, transcription ends 10-35 nucleotides after a _________________________________ is transcribed II. RNA processing: modifications to an mRNA transcript that occur only in _____________________. - Alteration of mRNA ends: the 5’ end receives a _____________ and the 3’ end receives a ___________________ that have 3 important functions: 1. Facilitate export of mature mRNA from _____________________. 2. Protect mRNA from degradation by _____________________. 3. Help __________________ attach to the 5’ end of the mRNA in the cytoplasm - RNA splicing: the removal of large portions of non-coding DNA, called _______________, from pre-mRNA - The remaining coding regions are called ________________. - Introns are removed by a spliceosome complex, consisting of many snRNPs (made of ______________________________________ ) 6 -Alternate RNA splicing allows 1 pre mRNA to code for multiple proteins III. Translation: 1. Initiation: mRNA, a tRNA corresponding to the __________ codon, and 2 ribosomal subunits unite to form a translation initiation complex with the help of _________________ factors 2. Elongation: Amino acids are added one by one to the growing polypeptide chain by tRNA’s with the help of ___________________ factors - Involves the recognition of mRNA codons by the ______codons of tRNA - Translocation: 3. Termination: a _____________ codon in the mRNA is reached and translation stops with the help of a ______________ factor IV. Post-translational modifications: Folding: A protein’s secondary and tertiary structures form automatically based on ____-group interactions, but folding may be mediated by ____________________ protein Modifications: Targeting: may be targeted for the ER (& ultimately secretion) by a _______________________________.