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Transcript
Name: ____________________ Mol Biol: Ch 6 worksheet 1. Consider two cells with the same volume but with very different surface areas due to differences in their shapes. The cell with the larger surface area is likely to _____. (6.2) a) have a very high metabolic rate b) be buried deep in the interior of an organism c) be involved in the rapid uptake of compounds from the cell's environment d) be a prokaryotic cell e) be nearly spherical in shape 2. Which of the following structures cannot be found in prokaryotic cells? (6.2) a) cytosol b) plasma membrane c) mitochondria d) ribosomes e) RNA 3. A substance moving from outside the cell into the cytoplasm must pass through _____. (6.2) a) a microtubule b) several different organelle membranes c) a ribosome d) the nucleus e) the plasma membrane 4. In terms of cellular function, what is the most important difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? (6.2) a) Eukaryotic cells can synthesize proteins but prokaryotic cells cannot. b) Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus. c) Compartmentalization of the cytoplasm by membrane-bounded organelles occurs in eukaryotic cells. d) Eukaryotic cells have a plasma membrane and prokaryotic cells do not. e) Eukaryotic cells are larger than prokaryotic cells. 5. Bacterial cells are prokaryotic; unlike a typical eukaryotic cell they _____. (6.2) a) lack chromosomes b) have a smaller nucleus c) lack a plasma membrane d) have no membrane-bounded organelles in their cytoplasm e) have no ribosomes 6. Which of the following features do prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common? (6.2) a) mitochondria, cytoplasm, plasma membrane b) ribosomes, plasma membrane, cytoplasm c) nucleus, plasma membrane, ribosomes d) mitochondria, ribosomes, cytoplasm e) ribosomes, nucleus, plasma membrane 7. A certain cell contains mitochondria, ribosomes, smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, and several other cellular components. Based on this information, this cell could not be _____. (6.2) a) a cell from a pine tree b) a grasshopper cell c) a yeast (fungus) cell d) a bacterium e) The description above could fit any of the cells listed in the answers. 8. Of the following organelles associated with the endomembrane system, which group is primarily involved in synthesizing molecules needed by the cell? (6.4) a) lysosome, vacuole, ribosome b) ribosome, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum c) vacuole, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum d) smooth endoplasmic reticulum, ribosome, vacuole e) rough endoplasmic reticulum, lysosome, vacuole 9. Which of the following categories best describes the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum? (6.4) a) breakdown of complex foods b) energy processing c) manufacturing d) structural support of cells e) information storage 10. You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to _____. (6.4) a) make a lot of ATP b) secrete a lot of protein c) move rapidly d) perform photosynthesis e) store large quantities of ions 11. A researcher made an interesting observation about a protein made by the rough endoplasmic reticulum and eventually used to build a cell's plasma membrane. The protein in the plasma membrane was actually slightly different from the protein made in the ER. The protein was probably altered in the _____. (6.4) a) Golgi apparatus b) smooth endoplasmic reticulum c) plasma membrane d) transport vesicles e) rough endoplasmic reticulum 12. Which of the following sequences represents the order in which a protein made in the rough endoplasmic reticulum might move through the endomembrane system? (6.4) a) lysosome ... plasma membrane b) Golgi apparatus .... mitochondria c) Golgi apparatus ... vacuole d) plasma membrane ... nuclear envelope e) nuclear envelope ... lysosome 13. Which of the following is (are) most likely to be involved in the process of producing proteins for a chloroplast or mitochondrion, neither of which is part of the endomembrane system? (6.4 and 6.5) a) transport vesicles b) free cytoplasmic ribosomes c) the Golgi apparatus d) rough endoplasmic reticulum e) smooth endoplasmic reticulum 14. A protein that ultimately functions in the plasma membrane of a cell is most likely to have been synthesized _____. (6.3-6.5) a) on ribosomes on the nuclear envelope b) on free cytoplasmic ribosomes c) in the rough endoplasmic reticulum d) in the mitochondria e) in the plasma membrane 15. Chloroplasts and mitochondria are thought to be of prokaryotic origin. One piece of evidence that supports this hypothesis is that these organelles contain prokaryotic-like ribosomes. These ribosomes are probably most similar to ribosomes found ______. (6.3-6.5) a) free in the cytoplasm of eukaryotes b) on the rough ER c) in bacterial cells d) The first two answers are correct. e) The first three answers are correct. 16. Which one of the following five membranes is most likely to have a lipid composition that is distinct from the other four? (Concepts 6.4 and 6.5) [Hint] a) endoplasmic reticulum b) plasma membrane c) mitochondrial outer membrane d) lysosome membrane e) Golgi apparatus 17. Which of the following is not a true statement about chloroplasts and mitochondria? (6.5) a) Each contains a small amount of DNA. b) Neither are components of the endomembrane system. c) Both are composed of two separate membranes. d) Each organelle synthesizes some of its own proteins. e) All of the above are correct. 18. Which of the following is a possible reason for grouping the peroxisomes with chloroplasts and mitochondria? (6.5) a) They are all involved in ATP synthesis. b) They all contain two or more membranes. c) They all contain DNA and make some of their own proteins. d) They are all part of the plastid family of organelles. e) None of these organelles are part of the endomembrane system. 19. Which type of cell is most likely to have the most mitochondria? (6.5) a) muscle cells in the legs of a marathon runner b) photosynthetic cells in the leaves of a tree c) bacterial cells that are growing on sugars d) inactive yeast cells that are stored for future use e) cells in the skin on your finger that are not dividing 23. Which of the following are possible sites of protein synthesis in a typical eukaryotic cell? (6.3-6.5) a) the cytoplasm b) the rough endoplasmic reticulum c) in mitochondria d) The first two answers are correct. e) The first three answers are correct. 20. Which of the following is not a characteristic of mitochondria? (6.5) a) Mitochondria are involved in energy metabolism. b) Mitochondria have more than one membrane. c) Mitochondria contain DNA and ribosomes. d) Mitochondria are independent of the endomembrane system. e) All of the above are characteristics of mitochondria. 24. Which of the following organelles might be found inside other organelles? (6.2, 6.3, and 6.5) a) the nucleolus b) mitochondria c) ribosomes d) transport vesicles e) No organelles are found inside of other organelles. 21. Assume that when a plant cell divides, one of the daughter cells lacks chloroplasts. Which of the following would be reasons that the cell could not produce new chloroplasts from scratch? (6.5) a) Chloroplasts are not part of the endomembrane system. b) Chloroplasts contain unique DNA that encodes for some of their own proteins. c) Chloroplasts are a source of energy for plant cells. d) The first two answers are correct. e) The first three answers are correct. 22. The observation that chloroplasts and mitochondria each contain their own DNA and synthesize some of the proteins that function in these organelles suggests that chloroplasts and mitochondria ______. (6.3-6.5) a) are produced by the nucleus of the cell b) must divide each time the cell containing them divides c) are part of the endomembrane system d) are involved in energy metabolism of the cell e) contain two or more membranes 25. Which of the following cellular processes or characteristics is not related to the cytoskeleton? (6.6) a) transmission of information from the cell surface to the interior of the cell b) movement of the chromosomes during cell division c) movement of cilia or flagella d) contraction of muscle cells e) All of the above are related to the cytoskeleton. 26. Which of following structures are found in both plant cells and animal cells? (6.6) a) cell walls b) chloroplasts c) central vacuoles d) mitochondria e) none of the above 27. Which statement about the cytoskeleton is incorrect? (6.6) a) Microtubules are hollow tubes of protein that provide structural support. b) Microfilaments are chains of proteins that resist stretching. c) Intermediate filaments are more permanent structures in cells compared to microfilaments and microtubules. d) Components of the cytoskeleton are often involved with movement of organelles within the cytoplasm. e) Plant cells lack a cytoskeleton because they have a rigid cell wall. 28. Cilia and flagella move due to the interaction of the cytoskeleton with which of the following? (6.6) a) actin b) pseudopodia c) mitochondria d) tubulin e) motor proteins 29. Where would you expect to find proteins involved with movement of structures within a cell? (6.6) a) muscles b) cytoskeleton c) transport vesicles moving from the ER to the Golgi d) plasma membrane e) ribosomes 30. Basal bodies are most closely associated with which one of the following cell components? (6.6) a) nucleus b) mitochondria c) cilia d) the central vacuole e) Golgi apparatus 31. Which of the following organelles, if any, lack membranes as part of their structure? (6.3- 6.7) a) vacuoles b) ribosomes c) microfilaments d) The first two answers are correct. e) The second and third answers are correct. 32. Dye injected into a plant cell might be able to enter an adjacent cell through a _____. (6.7) a) b) c) d) e) tight junction microtubule cell wall plasmodesmata gap junction 33. Your intestine is lined with individual cells. No fluids leak between these cells from the gut into your body. Why? (6.7) a) The intestinal cells are fused together into one giant cell. b) The intestinal cells are bound together by plasmodesmata. c) The intestinal cells are bound together by tight junctions. d) The intestinal cells are bound together by gap junctions. e) The intestinal cells are bound together by the extracellular matrix. 34. Which of the following statements correctly describes a common characteristic of a plant cell wall and an animal cell extracellular matrix? (6.7) a) Both are permeable to water and small solutes. b) Both are synthesized in the ER and Golgi apparatus. c) Both are composed primarily of carbohydrates. d) The first two answers are correct. e) The first three answers are correct. 35. The walls of plant cells are largely composed of polysaccharides and proteins that are synthesized ____. (6.4 and 6.7) a) externally to the plasma membrane b) in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum c) in the Golgi apparatus d) in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus e) in the rough endoplasmic reticulum.