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Biology Standards Based Benchmark Assessment (2nd Marking Period) Cell Biology (1a,b,f,g) (5 a,b) and Investigation & Experimentation (IE j) 1. During DNA replication, a complementary strand of DNA is made from each original DNA strand. If a portion of the original strand is CCTAGCT, then the new complementary strand will be a. TTGCATG. b. AAGTATC. c. CCTAGCT. d. GGATCGA. FORM B 7. What is the function of mitochondria in Eukaryotic cells? a. Transport materials. b. Make proteins. c. Produce ATP. d. Control cell division. 8. Which of these statements about photosynthesis and cellular respiration is true? a. Both processes produce food. b. Both processes release energy from food. c. Photosynthesis produces oxygen; cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide. d. Photosynthesis produces carbon dioxide; cellular respiration produces oxygen. 2. Which of the following is NOT true about DNA replication? a. It must occur before a cell can divide. b. Two complementary strands are duplicated. c. The double strand unwinds and unzips while it is being duplicated. d. The process is catalyzed by enzymes called DNA mutagens. Use the Figure below to answer the following question(s). 3. The enzymes responsible for matching complimentary nucleotides to the exposed DNA template bases are a. replicases. b. DNA polymerases. c. helicases. d. sucrases. 4. How is RNA different from DNA? a. RNA is single-stranded. b. RNA contains a different sugar molecule. c. RNA contains the nitrogen base uracil. d. All of the above. 5. RNA is chemically similar to DNA except that its sugars is ribose instead of deoxyribose, and the nitrogen base thymine is replaced by a structurally similar base called a. uracil. b. alanine. c. cytosine. d. codon. 6. During transcription, the genetic information on DNA for making a protein is copied into a. messenger RNA. b. ribosomal RNA. c. transfer RNA. d. translation RNA. 9. Which metabolic process is most closely associated with the organelle represented in the diagram? a. cellular respiration b. hydrolysis of lipids c. intracellular digestion d. synthesis of glycogen 10. Which stage of cellular respiration produces the most ATP? a. glycolysis b. Krebs (citric acid) cycle c. Electron transport chain d. Calvin cycle 1-B 11. Which organelle is the site of aerobic cellular respiration in both plant and animal cells? a. centrosomes b. nuclei c. mitochondria d. chloroplasts 12. The process of cellular respiration a. is performed only by organisms that are incapable of photosynthesis. b. breaks down food molecules to release stored energy. c. occurs before plants are able to carry out photosynthesis. d. occurs only in animals. Use the Figure below to answer the following question(s). Use the Figure below to answer the following question(s). 16. Look at the Figure above. Maltose can be broken into glucose molecules by the enzyme maltase. Which of the following would slow the reaction rate? a. Adding maltase. b. Adding maltose. c. Removing glucose. d. Diluting with water. The graph below shows the rate of enzyme activity in relation to pH for two enzymes - Pepsin and Trypsin. 13. When glycolysis occurs, a. a molecule of glucose is split. b. two pyruvates are made. c. some ATP is produced. d. All of the above 14. The name of the process that takes place when organic compounds are broken down in the absence of oxygen is a. cellular respiration. c. fermentation. b. oxidation. d. photosynthesis. 15. There are many different enzymes located in cytoplasm of a single cell. How is a specific enzyme able to catalyze a specific reaction? a. Different enzymes are synthesized in specific areas of the cytoplasm. b. Most enzymes can catalyze many different reactions. c. An enzyme binds to a specific substrate (reactant) for the reaction catalyzed. d. Enzymes are transported to specific substrates (reactants) by ribosomes. 17. Refer to the Graph above. The liquid in the stomach has a pH of about 2. Which of the two enzymes would be active in the stomach? a. Pepsin b. Trypsin c. Both pepsin and trypsin. d. Cannot determine from graph. 18. Refer to the Graph above. What is the optimum pH value in which trypsin has the highest rate of reaction? a. pH 5.5 b. pH 6 c. pH 6.5 d. pH 7 2-B Use the Graph below to answer the following question(s). 22. The plasma membrane of a cell consists of a. protein molecules arranged in two layers with polar areas forming the outside of the membrane. b. two layers of lipids organized with the nonpolar tails forming the inside of the membrane. c. lipid molecules positioned between two carbohydrate layers. d. polar molecules with polar and nonpolar tails. Use the Figure below to answer the following question(s). 19. Look at the Graph above. From the graph, you can conclude that a. the activity of the enzyme increases as temperature decreases. b. the activity of the enzyme continuously increases. c. the enzyme reaches its peak activity at a temperature of about 32oC. d. the enzyme reaches its peak activity at a temperature of about 35oC. 20. Look at the Graph above. The graph shows the activity of a digestive enzyme from the human small intestine at different temperatures. What is the explanation for the loss of activity at temperatures above 32oC? a. The high temperature disrupts the shape of the enzyme, de-activating it. b. Rapid molecular motion at high temperatures makes substrate collisions less frequent. c. The optimal temperature of this enzyme is 25oC. d. Enzyme synthesis does not take place at high temperatures. 21. The cell membrane of the red blood cells will allow water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and glucose to pass through. Because other substances are blocked from entering this membrane, this membrane is called a. perforated. b. semi-permeable. c. non-conductive. d. permeable. 23. Look at the Figure above. Which of the following statement best describe why energy is NOT required to transport the molecule across the membrane? a. The molecule moves through a carrier protein down its concentration gradient. b. The molecule moves through a carrier protein against its concentration gradient. c. The molecule moves through the cell membrane down its concentration gradient. d. The molecule moves through the cell membrane against its concentration gradient. 24. Look at the Figure above. What cell process is responsible for effect shown above? a. Active transport b. Osmosis c. Passive transport d. Facilitated diffusion 3-B 25. The cell membrane is permeable to water molecules and impermeable to dissolved molecules. Which of the conditions shown in the Figure below might cause a cell to burst? Use the Figure below to answer the following question(s). 26. Look at the Figure above. The phospholipid molecule of the cell membrane has two main parts: the head and the tail. These parts are either hydrophobic (repelled by water) or hydrophilic (attracted to water). Which statement best describe the phospholipid head and tail? a. The tail is hydrophilic and the head is hydrophobic. b. The head is hydrophilic and the tail is hydrophobic. c. The head and tail are both hydrophobic. d. The head and tail are both hydrophilic. 27. Which molecule in plant cells first capture the radiant energy from sunlight? a. Glucose b. Carbon dioxide c. Chlorophyll d. Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) a. b. c. d. A B C D 28. The first stage of photosynthesis in a chloroplast is a. light-dependent. b. temperature-dependent. c. glucose-driven. d. ATP-driven. 29. Photosynthesis transforms molecules of water and carbon dioxide into molecules of a. carbohydrate and nitrogen. b. polypeptide and nitrogen. c. carbohydrate and oxygen. d. polypeptide and oxygen. 30. The starting materials used by green plants for photosynthesis are a. oxygen and water. b. carbon dioxide and glucose. c. carbon dioxide and water. d. oxygen and glucose 4-B 31. Which equation represents the process of photosynthesis? Use the Figure below to answer the following question(s). a. b. c. d. 32. In a Eukaryote, which one of these organelles is used to make sugar? a. Flagella b. Ribosomes c. Mitochondria d. Chloroplast 33. How are mitochondria similar to chloroplast? a. They can both use energy from sunlight. b. They are both found in prokaryotic cell. c. They both convert energy. d. They are both found in animal cells. 36. The entire molecule shown in the diagram above is called a(n) a. amino acid. b. nucleotide. c. polysaccharide. d. pyrimidine. 37. Which base is found in RNA, but not in DNA? a. Thymine. b. Cytosine. c. Uracil. d. Adenine. 38. 34. Watson and Crick built models that demonstrated that a. DNA and RNA have the same structure. b. DNA is made of two strands that twist into a double helix. c. guanine forms hydrogen bonds with adenine. d. thymine forms hydrogen bonds with cytosine. 35. What is the function of messenger RNA (mRNA)? a. The function of mRNA is to provide a template (pattern) to make proteins. b. The function of mRNA is to synthesize DNA. c. The function of mRNA is to form ribosomes. d. The function of mRNA is transfer amino acids to ribosomes. What are the smaller molecules that join together to make proteins? a. Nucleotides. b. Phosphate groups. c. Sugars. d. Amino acids. 39. Which statement describes how DNA, RNA and proteins are related? a. RNA copies DNA and uses the information to make proteins. b. DNA makes proteins based on the information in RNA. c. DNA is made up of RNA and proteins. d. DNA and RNA are two different types of proteins. 5-B