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Cell Cornell Notes
Cells
Name ________________ # ____
Biology: The Science of Life: The Living Cell Video (United Streaming)
=the simplest structures that can carry out all of the characteristics of life
=Are they able to perform the characteristics necessary for life? Y or N
Organisms can be:
1. multicellular
2. unicellular
=
=
Where did the 1st cells come
from?
=all cells descended from the same unicellular organism that developed
from nonliving materials over ______ billion years ago
Example:
Example:
Cell Structures/Organelles
Protoplasm (Cytoplasm)
=a living, jelly-like substance; has a network of tiny tubules called
_________________ which forms the cytoskeleton which supports the cell
and gives it strength
Cell (Plasma) Membrane
=the “skin” that wraps around the cytoplasm; very important b/c it
regulates what ___________ and ___________ the cell (semi-permeable)
-into cell: 1.
2.
3.
4.
-out of cell: 1.
2.
3.
Cell Wall (plants, fungi, and
monerans only)
=functions to provide extra _____________ and ______________
Nucleus (found in all cells but
monerans)
Nuclear Membrane
(nuclear envelope)
= the _________ center of the cell
- organisms that have a true nucleus are _________________ and those
that do NOT have a true nucleus are called ____________________
= a double-layered membrane that covers the _______________; it is
covered with _____________ that allow substances to enter and leave
Chromatin
=make chromosomes (DNA) when the cell is dividing (reproducing); has
instructions for the cell’s activities; DNA is copied here enters cytoplasm thru n. pores
Nucleolus
=the denser area of the nucleus where ribosomes are made; literally
means “little nucleus”
Ribosomes
=DNA from the nucleus travels to this structure with instructions for
making a specific type of _____________; found in cytoplasm & RER
-proteins can be used to build/repair cells, ___________ disease,
transport substances across the cell ______________, or act as
_____________________ (speeding up chemical reactions)
Endoplasmic Reticulum
2 types (rough and smooth)
Golgi body (Golgi apparatus)
=a complex network of hollow passageways which extends into the
cytoplasm
RER= found close to the nucleus and is a place where ribosomes attach
and proteins are made, packaged, and transported thru the cytoplasm
SER- not usually found in abundance but is a place where proteins, lipids,
and ions can be stored for later use; has no ribosomes
=a collection of flattened, slightly curved sacs which ________ out
proteins and wrap them in a membrane and _______ them where needed;
found closer to the cell membrane of the cell
How does a cell take in raw
materials?
Food vacuole
=pinched in area of the cell membrane that forms when cell needs to take
In food; cell eating is known as _________________
Lysosomes
=a special structure made by the Golgi bodies functions to ____________
the food particle into nutrients which enters cytoplasm and can be used by
the cell as an energy source
=can also function to digest old, worn out ___________________
Mitochondria
=energy is ________________ into these tiny, peanut-shaped organelles
-called the ___________________________ of the cell
-responsible for cellular respiration
C6H12O6 + O2 → CO2 + H2O + ATP (energy for cells to do work)
Plant & Animal Cell Differences
Plants cells have:
1. a cell wall (already discussed)
2. a large central _________________ - which stores water with dissolved
minerals and nutrients
3. _______________________ which contain chlorophyll;
responsible for taking in sunlight and converting it into carbohydrates
Equation for Photosynthesis
CO2 + H2O → C6H12O6 + O2
Summary