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Transcript
SNC2D Biology Cells, Tissues and Living Systems Mitosis and Cell Division (Science Perspectives 10, Nelson, pp. 40-44) The Cell Cycle As eukaryotic cells grow and divide, they pass through a cell cycle that consists of 3 stages: 1. 2. 3. ______________ ___ _________________ ________________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _____________________ _____________________ _____________________ The length of time to complete a cell cycle is different for different types of cells: Embryonic cells ___________________ Adult nerve cells _______________________ Stage 1: Interphase Interphase is the ___________ stage of the cell cycle. The cell performs its normal functions and, in preparation for cell division, ______________________ ______________________ SNC2D Biology Cells, Tissues and Living Systems Stage 2: Cell Division - Mitosis (4 phases) Phase 1: Prophase • DNA compacts into visible form as _________________. • Each chromosome contains two strands called _____________________. • Sister chromatids are held together by a ________________. • The __________ ____________ breaks down Phase 2: Metaphase Chromosomes line up in the ___________ of the cell. Phase 3: Anaphase • The centromere splits and sister chromatids ______________. • They are now called ____________________________. • They move to ________________________________, pulled by _____________________ Phase 4: Telophase Final phase of mitosis. • Chromosomes _________________and are no longer ____________. • A new ________________________ forms around each group of daughter chromosomes. Stage 3: Cell Division - Cytokinesis • Final stage of cell division. • The cytoplasm ____________ and two _______________ cells are formed. • In a plant cell, a plate develops into a new ________ ________ • In an animal cell, the cell membrane is ____________________________ How to remember the different stages of the cell cycle, and the 4 phases of mitosis? Make this pledge: I, PMAT, C SNC2D Biology Cells, Tissues and Living Systems Summary: Homework Questions: 1. During which stage of the cell cycle does replication of the DNA occur? 2. Why are chromosomes visible during mitosis but not at other times? 3. Which stage or phase of the cell cycle corresponds to each of the descriptions below? a) A new cell wall begins to form. b) The membrane of the nucleus dissolves. c) Daughter chromosomes begin to separate. d) Thick chromosome threads are visible in 2 distinct regions of the cell. e) The cell grows and copies its DNA. f) The chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.