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DNA: The Molecule of Heredity Name________________________ 1. A nucleotide is made of three parts: a ___________________ group, a five carbon __________________, and a nitrogen containing _____________________ 2. In a single strand of DNA, the phosphate group binds to the __________________ of the next group. 3. Chromosomes consist of what two substances: ____________________ & ______________________ 4. _________________ and __________________ are connected by two hydrogen bonds, whereas _______________ and ___________________ are connected by three hydrogen bonds. 5. Purines have _________ rings, and pyrimidines have ____________ ring. 6. _________________is the relaxed form of DNA. 7. DNA must replicate so that a cell can _________________________. 8. Chargaff's rule states that the DNA of any species contains equal amounts of __________________ & ____________ and also equal amounts of __________________ & ____________________ 9. In DNA, thymine is complementary to ________________ ; cytosine is complementary to _____________ 10. In a strand of DNA, the percentage of thymine is 30 %. What is the percentage of cytosine in the same DNA strand? _________________ 11. Number the steps of DNA replication in the correct order (1, 2, 3) _______Daughter strands are formed using complementary base pairing. ______ DNA unwinds ______ The DNA of the daughter strands winds with together with its parent strand. 12. Why is DNA replication called "semi-conservative"? __________________________________________ 13. What enzyme unwinds are unzips the parent strand? ________________ 14. What enzyme synthesizes the new DNA strand? _______________________ 15. The two sides of the DNA helix are held together by ________________________ 16. Write out the complete name for DNA: __________________________________________ 17. In Figure 12-5, use the letter P to label all of the phosphate groups. Use an S to label all the sugar molecules. For labeling the nitrogen bases, use a T for thymine and a C for cytosine. Guanine and adenine have been filled in for you. Circle and label a nucleotide. Figure 12-5 17. Why, when and how does DNA replication take using the following terms: DNA replication, cell division, nucleus, hydrogen bonds, adenine, cytosine, thymine and guanine, helicase, unzips, nucleotides, new strand, original strand, semi-conservative replication, binding, DNA polymerase. 18. What is A?______________________________ 19. What is B?______________________________ 20. What is the entire drawing and what is made of?____________________ __________________________