Download SBI 3C- The Cell: Part One -use this note as a guide to fill in board

SBI 3C- The Cell: Part One
-use this note as a guide to fill in board diagrams and supplemental information as we go through the lesson
-the cell is the basic structure and function of life
-there are many different kinds of cells (ie) muscle cells perform different functions than bone cells
Organelle: A specialized structure within a cell that performs a specialized function in the cell.
Organelles are the parts of a cell (little organs)
Extracellular Fluid: the aqueous solution that surrounds all
cells, the watery environment of the cell
Structure: water based solution that contains dissolved
nutrients, minerals, ions, gases and other particles/molecules
Function: moist environment for diffusion (osmosis) to take
place
Cytosol: the aqueous solution inside a cell; cellular organelles
are suspended in the cytosol
Structure: water based, jelly like solution; contains organelles
and dissolved nutrients, minerals, ions, gases and other
particles/molecules
Function: cushions the organelles, allows for diffusion of
substances to occur
Cytoplasm: cytosol PLUS organelles inside the cell that are
OUTSIDE the nucleus
Cell Membrane: surrounds BOTH plant cells and animal cells; it
separates the cytoplasm from the extracellular fluid
Structure: composed of a phospholipid bilayer (a double layer of
phospholipids)
-the heads of the phospholipid molecule face outwards; they are
hydrophilic (water loving)
-the tails of the phospholipid molecules face inwards; they are
hydrophobic (water fearing)
-there are also different kinds of proteins that are in the cell
membrane
-proteins allow molecules to pass through them like a gate
-there are also carbohydrates that attach to the proteins and act
as an identification tag for the cell
-the membrane is “fluid” and always moving as the molecules
move back and forth
Function: holds the contents of the cell together
-protects the cell
-controls what goes into and out of the cell
-it is selectively permeable: it only allows certain things in and
out
Cell Wall: an additional covering outside the cell membrane; ONLY
found in plant cells
Structure: firm structures composed of cellulose
-very rigid (ie)wood is dead cell walls
Function: gives plants their rigidity, still allows water and other
materials to pass through
Nucleus: the control center of the cell
Structure: -a large organelle
-has a phospholipid bilayer called the nuclear envelope. The
nuclear envelope has nuclear pores in it to allow materials to
pass into and out of the nucleus
-is filled with a fluid called nucleoplasm
-contains DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
- contains RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)
-has a large structure inside called the nucleolus
Function:
-DNA contains our genetic blueprints- ALL of the instructions
for the cell
-therefore the nucleus directs every aspect of cell function and
ultimately the function of organisms
Ribosomes: tiny organelles, found either free
floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the
endoplasmic reticulum
Structure: -extremely small and usually spherical in
shape
-free-floating or attached
Function: produce proteins for the cell
Free-Floating Ribosomes: produce proteins to be
used inside the cell
Attached Ribosomes: produce proteins to be
exported from the cell
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER):
-a system of membranous tubules that connect
to the nuclear envelope
Structure:- tubes that connect to the nuclear
envelope found throughout the cell
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)- tubes that
are covered with ribosomes
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)- tubes that
are not covered with ribosomes
Function:
RER: place where the ribosomes make many
proteins
SER: produce molecules of fat
-the ends of the SER pinch off to form a vesicle
that the fat travels in
-BOTH the SER and RER also act as a transport
system for materials throughout the cell; like a
subway system
Golgi Apparatus: -modifies and packages fats
and proteins
Structure: - a series of flattened balloon-like
tubes with vesicles pinching off the ends
Function:- the golgi apparatus chemically
changes and modifies the fats and proteins that
are produced in the ER
-the golgi body packages them into vesicles and
exports them through the cytosol to the cell
membrane
-the vesicles fuse with the cell membrane and
empty the contents to the extracellular fluid
-some of the vesicles formed are called
lysosomes