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South Tuen Mun Government Secondary School
Biology Quiz 22
(A) Choose the best answer. (15 marks)
Directions: Questions 1 – 4 refer to the diagram below which shows some of the events in the production of a
human hormone by genetic engineering.
1. Which of the following is used as a vector?
A. the bacteria grown in culture
C. the synthesized DNA in Q
B. the human messenger RNA in P
D. the plasmids extracted from bacteria
2. At which process is a restriction enzyme used?
A. P
B. Q
C. R
D. S
3. After the bacteria had taken up the recombinant plasmids, which of the following statements are
CORRECT?
(i)
The bacteria can produce restriction enzyme.
(ii)
The bacteria can produce the human hormone.
(iii)
The bacteria can be called a genetically modified organism (GMO).
A. (i) and (ii) only
B. (i) and (iii) only
C. (ii) and (iii) only
D. (i), (ii) and (iii)
4. At which process is “ligase” used?
A. P
B. Q
C. R
5. Stem cells can be used to
A. produce vaccines which enhance the immunity of the body.
B. produce antibodies for treating diseases.
C. transfer a normal gene to somatic cells in gene therapy.
D. replace damaged cells in the treatment of diseases.
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D. S
Directions : Questions 6 – 8 refer to the following information below:
Maize varieties are being developed in which the leaves produce proteins that are toxic to insects. The
DNA coding for these toxic proteins was put into a maize chromosome via a bacterial plasmid. Many
people opposed to this process.
6. Why do farmers like to grow this maize variety that has the bacteria plasmid?
A. The insects are killed by the toxic proteins. Thus less insects can eat the leaves. The yield of the maize
increases.
B. The leaves can grow stronger after the toxic proteins are produced by the genetically modified maize.
C. The bacterial plasmid can make the genetically modified maize more nutritive.
D. The bacterial plasmid can pass the DNA to other crop plants to make them grow faster.
7. Based on biological knowledge, which of the following objection is NOT true?
A. Beneficial insects may be killed if they eat the genetically modified maize.
B. Genes for antibiotic resistance are present in the plasmid and these genes may pass to harmful
microorganisms.
C. The gene may pass to non target organisms, such as weeds, making them grow faster and thus weeds
reduce the supply of natural resources to the genetically modified maize.
D. The toxic proteins produced by the genetically modified maize can induce mutation in man that eats the
maize.
8. The following steps are involved in the production of the genetically modified maize.
(i)
infect the maize cells by the bacteria
(ii)
put the DNA coding for the toxins into the plasmid
(iii)
take out the plasmid from the bacteria
(iv)
put the recombinant plasmid into the bacteria
Which of the following is the CORRECT order of the steps?
A. (i)  (iv)  (ii)  (iii)
B. (iii)  (ii)  (iv)  (i)
C. (iii)  (iv)  (ii)  (i)
D. (iv)  (ii)  (iii)  (i)
9. Both genetic engineering and selective breeding can be used to produce organisms with desirable characters.
Which of the following are the advantages of genetic engineering over selective breeding?
(i)
genetic engineering is faster and lower cost
(ii)
desired genes from other species can be added to the organisms in genetic engineering
(iii)
thousand of genes can be added at one time in genetic engineering
A. (i) and (ii) only
B. (i) and (iii) only
C. (ii) and (iii) only
D. (i), (ii) and (iii)
10. The criticisms of genetically modified (GM) food include
(i) GM food poses threat to the environment. (ii) GM food poses threat to human health.
(iii) GM food poses threat to the economy of the developing countries.
A. (i) and (ii) only
B. (i) and (iii) only
C. (ii) and (iii) only
D. (i), (ii) and (iii)
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11. The steps involved in the production of vaccines using biotechnology are shown below.
(1) prepare recombinant plasmid
(2) extract the gene for viral surface protein
(3) introduce recombinant plasmid into yeast (4) culture the yeast on a large scale
Which of the following is the correct order of these steps?
A. (2) → (1) → (3) → (4)
B. (2) → (1) → (4) → (3)
C. (4) → (2) → (1) → (3)
D. (4) → (3) → (2) → (1)
12. In the past, human growth hormone (HGH) was extracted from the pituitary glands of dead people. Now
HGH can be produced by genetically modified (GM) bacteria. Which of the following is NOT an advantage
of producing HGH using GM bacteria over the extraction of HGH from pituitary glands of dead people?
A. The recombinant HGH produced is pure.
B. The recombinant HGH produced can be eaten.
C. A larger amount of recombinant HGH can be produced.
D. The production cost of recombinant HGH is lower.
13. What can the scientists do to prevent the leakage of the gene from genetically modified plants to the nature /
wild?
A. Genetically modified plants are resistant to herbicide.
B. The experiments are carried out in rural areas.
C. The genetically modified plants are made to be sterile so that they cannot breed with wild types.
D. Antibiotic resistant gene is inserted into the genetically modified plants.
14. There is concern about therapy involving embryonic stem cells because
(i) human embryos are destroyed to obtain embryonic stem cells.
(ii) the therapy is not useful in treating human diseases.
(iii) the technique can be used in human reproductive cloning.
A. (i) and (ii) only
B. (i) and (iii) only
C. (ii) and (iii) only
D. (i), (ii) and (iii)
15. Which of the following is/are banned in many countries due to the unpredictable effects on the next
generation?
(i) germ line gene therapy
(ii) somatic cell gene therapy (iii) the Human Genome Project
A. (i) only
B. (ii) only
C. (iii) only
D. (i) and (ii) only
(B) Answer the following questions. (35 marks)
1.
Complete the following paragraph with suitable word(s).
(3 marks)
Gene therapy is the treatment of diseases by supplementing the defective gene with a
(a)
.
It is a potential cure for many diseases. However, it has also raised some concerns. For example, some people
think that gene therapy involving
(b)
are not legally acceptable because the offspring who will
be affected by the therapy is not informed about the purpose, the risks and the benefits of the therapy. Moreover,
gene therapy may widen the social class gap because it is
(c)
and only rich people can afford it.
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2.
The diagram below represents the processes involved in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This
technique allows forensic scientists to analyse and potentially match DNA samples left at the scene of a
crime.
original DNA to be amplified
heated to separate
strands and primers
added
step 1
excess primer
primer 1
primer 2
step 2
replication completed
step 3
(a) What advantage does PCR offer to forensic scientists?
(2 marks)
(b) (i) In step 1, what is the purpose of heating the DNA sample to 95°C?
(1 mark)
(ii) Primers, each containing roughly twenty bases are also added to the DNA sample in step 1. What is
the purpose of these primers in the process?
(1 mark)
(iii) Name the enzyme that would be added to the DNA sample in step 2.
(1 mark)
(iv) What else should be added to the process in step 2 to allow successful replication of the DNA
sample?
(1 mark)
(v) After the necessary enzyme and substances in (iv) are added, describe the sequence of events, which
lead to the DNA being replicated.
(3 marks)
(c) The heating of the DNA sample to 95°C in step 1 could denature the enzymes involved. Suggest how
scientists have solved this potential problem.
(1 mark)
3.
The Human Genome Project (HGP) is a research project started in 1990. It is the first large-scale scientific
project which has taken its ethical, legal and social implications into serious consideration.
(a) Apart from addressing the ethical, legal and social implications, state TWO other goals of the HGP.
(2 marks)
(b) State TWO benefits that this project may bring us.
(2 marks)
(c) Discuss the possible problems related to the use of personal genetic information obtained in the HGP.
(3 marks)
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4.
Scientists can now propagate mammals by a method called cloning. The diagram below outlines how a
sheep named Dolly was produced by using this method:
(a) What is the meant by “cloning”?
(1 mark)
(b) Does cell C contain a haploid or diploid set of chromosomes? Explain your answer.
(3 marks)
(c) Explain why cell D is much smaller in size than cell C.
(2 marks)
(d) Dolly shows some characteristics as one of the three parents. Which parent is this? Explain your
answer.
(3 marks)
(e) Is Dolly produced by a sexual process? Give a reason for your answer.
(2 marks)
(f) It is suggested that human cloning can be carried out by a similar method.
(i) State TWO potential benefits of using therapeutic cloning, similar to this, to produce tissues and
organs for transplantation.
(2 marks)
(ii) However, human cloning is opposed by a lot of scientists. Suggest TWO reasons why scientists
oppose to further investigation on human cloning.
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(2 marks)
South Tuen Mun Government Secondary School
Biology Quiz 22
Marking Scheme
(A) Choose the best answer. (15 marks)
1. D
2. C
3. C
4. D
6. A
7. D
8. B
9. A
11. A
12. B
13. C
14. B
5. D
10. D
15. A
(B) Answer the following questions. (35 marks)
*spelling must be correct
1. (a) normal gene (1)
(b) gametes / zygotes (1)
(c) expensive (1)
2. (a) A large number of DNA copies can be synthesized from a small amount of DNA sample. (1) A large
number of DNA copies makes further investigation e.g. DNA fingerprinting possible . (1)
(b) (i) Heating breaks the hydrogen bonds between DNA strands / to form two separate strands. (1)
(ii) Primers stop DNA strands from rejoining / initiate the action of DNA polymerase / select areas of
DNA to be copied. (1)
(iii) *DNA polymerase (1)
(iv) Free nucleotides (1)
(v) Each separate DNA strand acts as a template. (1)
Nucleotides bind to the complementary bases on DNA (A - T, C - G, T - A, G - C). (1)
Adjacent nucleotides are joined to form a double helix. (1)
(c) Use heat-stable enzymes / enzymes extracted from thermophilic bacteria. (1)
3. (a) Determine the complete base sequence of human DNA. / Sequence the human DNA. (1)
Locate all the genes in the human genome. / Map all the genes in the human genome. (1)
Develop related new technologies. (1) (Any TWO – maximum 2 marks)
(b) The data obtained in the HGP may help scientists better understand genetics of man. (1)
The data obtained in the HGP may help the development of new diagnostic tests and treatment
methods of inherited diseases. (1)
The data obtained in the HGP may help scientists better understand evolution. (1)
The developed technique can improve DNA sequencing of other organisms e.g. pathogens which may
help human fight against diseases (1)
(Any TWO – maximum 2 marks and accept other reasonable answers)
(c) It is difficult to decide who is the owner of personal genetic information. (1)
It is difficult to decide who can gain access to personal genetic information. (1)
Some people may be discriminated if they have particular unfavoured genotypes. (1)
Genetic information may be misused by insurance companies, employers and schools, etc. (1)
(Any THREE – maximum 3 marks and accept other reasonable answers)
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4. (a) Cloning is the production of genetically identical cells, tissues or individuals. (1)
(b) Cell C contains a diploid set of chromosome (1) because it nucleus / chromosomes comes from cell A (1)
and cell A is a body cell / diploid cell. (1) [give 0 mark for the whole question if “cell C is haploid” is
given in the answer]
(c) Because the cytoplasm of many cells of D is formed by repeated divisions (1) of the cytoplasm of the
same one cell C (1).
(d) Sheep X (1) because the body characteristics of Dolly is determined by its genetic material (1) which is
derived from and identical to that in the body cell of sheep X. (1) [give 0 mark for the whole question if
sheep X is not given in the answer]
(e) No (1) because the process does not involve the fertilization of gametes (1). [give 0 mark for the whole
question if “Yes / the process is an asexual process” is given in the answer]
(f) (i) The tissues / organs transplanted will not cause strong immune response / will not be rejected by the
recipients. / There is no need for the patient to take immunosuppressive drugs. (1)
More tissues / organs can be produced OR the patient needs not waited for donated tissues / organs, if
he / she can clone his / her own tissue / organs. (1)
(ii) Some scientists opposed human cloning due to religious or ethical reasons. (1)
Some scientists suggested that it is better to spend the money on other medical methods. (1)
Some scientists opposed human cloning because human cloning may reduce the variation in the human
race. (1)
Some scientists opposed human cloning because cloning may cause abnormalities such as premature
(Any TWO – maximum 2 marks)
aging. (1)
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