Download Two Types of Cells Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells Prokaryotic Cells

Two Types of Cells
Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells
Prokaryotic Cells vs. Eukaryotic Cells
Read the passage below along with the information chart to complete your
notes.
The first cells to appear on Earth were prokaryotic cells. A prokaryote is an
organism made of a single prokaryotic cell. The earliest prokaryotes may have
arisen more than 2.5 billion years ago. Bacteria are prokaryotes. They are very
small cells with a simple structure. Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus. This
means that their DNA is not enclosed in a membrane inside the cell. Instead,
prokaryotes have a single loop of DNA that floats in the cell’s cytoplasm.
Protein-making bodies called ribosomes also form part of the cytoplasm. Like all
cells, prokaryotes have a cell membrane. All prokaryotes also have a cell wall
surrounding the cell membrane. The cell wall helps provide support and
protection for the cell. Some prokaryotes are enclosed by an additional layer.
This layer is called the capsule. The capsule has a sticky surface area, so it
allows prokaryotes to cling to surfaces, such as your skin and your teeth.
Eukaryotic cells are more complex than prokaryotic cells. They all have a cell
membrane, ribosomes, and DNA as prokaryotic cells do. However, the DNA of
eukaryotic cells does not float freely in the cytoplasm. Instead, it is found in the
nucleus, an internal compartment bound by a cell membrane. The nucleus is one
kind of organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Organelles are structures that
perform specific functions. Most organelles are surrounded by a membrane.
Some organelles have membranes that form channels which help transport
substances from one part of the cell to another part of the cell.
Eukaryotes are organisms made of one or more eukaryotic cells. The earliest
eukaryotes, like the first prokaryotes, were single-celled organisms. They arose
about 1 billion years later than the earliest prokaryotes. Later, multicellular
eukaryotes arose. Every type of multicellular organism that exists is made up of
eukaryotic cells.
Two Types of Cells
Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells
The two different types of cells are prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
They each have their own characteristics that make them different
from each another.
Prokaryotes
No Nucleus---Genetic
Information Floats around in
Cytoplasm
No Membrane-Bound Organelles
(organelles don’t have a
surrounding membrane)
Much Smaller in size
Very Simple Structure
Ex: Bacteria
(e.g.Staphylococcus, E. coli,
Streptococcus, acidophiles,
thermophiles, blue green algae)
Eukaryotes
Have a Nucleus that contains
Genetic Information
Have Membrane-Bound
Organelles (organelles do have
a surrounding membrane)
Generally Larger in size
Very Complex Structure
Ex: Protist Fungi, Plants,
Animals (e.g. humans)
Two Types of Cells
Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells
Student Notes
Prokaryote Cell
Characteristic
Eukaryotic Cell
Let’s Compare These Two Types of Cells
Prokaryotic Cell
Contains a true nucleus?
(control center)
Contains membrane
bound organelles
(structures have a
surrounding around it)
Size of the cell
Structure in the cell
Simple or complex?
Provide examples
What types of organisms
are made of these cells?
Examples
Contains genetic
information
Contains a cell (plasma)
membrane
Contains a cell wall
Contains a capsule
Ribsomes are present
Free floating DNA
First to appear in
history
Makes up multi-cellular
organisms
The three main structures inside a prokaryote are :
An example of a prokaryote is:
When did eukaryotes first arise?
Are you composed of prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell?
Eukaryotic Cell
Two Types of Cells
Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells
Characteristic
Contains a true
nucleus? (control
center)
Contains membrane
bound organelles
(structures have a
surrounding around it)
Size of the cell
Structure in the cell
Simple or complex?
Provide examples
What types of
organisms are made of
these cells?
Examples
Contains genetic
information
Contains a cell
(plasma) membrane
Contains a cell wall
Contains a capsule
Ribsomes are present
Free floating DNA
First to appear in
history
Makes up multicellular organisms
Prokaryotic Cell
Eukaryotic Cell