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BIOLOGY CP FINAL EXAM REVIEW (2010 – 2011)
Know the meaning of the following terms and concepts.
Cell Division (Chapter 10 & Chapter 11.4 (meiosis))
1.
2.
3.
4.
When do cells divide?
Asexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction
The phases of the cell cycle in eukaryotes (know what occurs in each phase)
a. INTERPHASE
1) G1
2) S
3) G2
b. MITOSIS (M phase)
1) prophase
2) metaphase
3) anaphase
4) telophase
c. CYTOKINESIS
5. What cells don’t divide
6. When does DNA Replication occur?
7. Chromatin
8. Sister Chromatids
9. Centromere
10. Chromosomes
11. Compare the differences of mitosis in plants and animals
12. What is Meiosis? Why is Meiosis important?
13. Haploid
14. Diploid
15. Homologous pair
16. Know all the phases of Meiosis and the events that occur in each
a. Prophase I
b. Metaphase I
c. Anaphase I
d. Telophase I
e. Prophase II
f. Metaphase II
g. Anaphase II
h. Telophase II (Haploid Cells)
17. Egg & Sperm – haploid or diploid?
18. Variation – Mitosis or Meiosis?
Fundamentals of Genetics (Chapter 11 & 14)
1. What is the study of Genetics?
2. Trait
3. Purebred/True breeding
4. Hybrid
5. Mendel’s work (with peas)
a) Law of Segregation
b) Law of Independent Assortment
6. Alleles
7. Dominant allele
8. Recessive allele
9. genotype
7. phenotype
8. genes
9. Chromosome Theory of Heredity
10. homozygous
11. heterozygous
12. probability
13. Punnett Square
14. Know how to determine the genotypes and phenotypes for a monohybrid and dihybrid cross
15. Why use a Test Cross?
16. Know how to read a Pedigree
17. What’s a carrier? What are genetic disorders?
18. Know how to determine the genotypes and phenotypes for:
a. incomplete dominance
b. codominance
c. multiple alleles
19. Polygenic traits
20. Sex-linked traits
DNA Replication, Protein Synthesis & DNA Technology (Chapter 12, 13, 15)
1. Differences between DNA & RNA
a.
b.
c.
2. Protein Synthesis –
3. Transcription –
a. enzymes involved in transcription?
4. Translation –
5. Codon
6. Anticodon –
7. mutation –
8. Chromosome mutation –
a. deletion –
b. duplication –
c. translocation –
d. inversion –
9. Gene mutation –
a. frameshift mutation –
b. point mutation –
10. cancer – uncontrolled cell division
11. causes of cancer a. mutagen
b. carcinogen
12. selective breeding –
13. inbreeding 14. genetic engineering –
15. restriction enzymes –
16. recombinant DNA –
17. vector –
18. Plasmids 19. Gel Electrophoresis –
20. DNA fingerprint –
21. Transgenic organisms –
22. What are some products produced by genetic engineering?
23. Gene therapy –
24. What medical advances have resulted from genetic engineering?
25. DNA & crime
a. Safety and Ethics in Biotechnology
1. Biotechnology –
2. Human Genome Project –
26. How is DNA replicated?
27. What enzymes are involved in DNA replication?
Evolution Unit (Chapter 16, 17)
1. species –
2. variation –
3. adaptation –
4. fossils –
5. Darwin and His Theory
6. Evolution –
7. Lamarck vrs Darwin
8. HMS Beagle & The Galapagos Islands
9. Four main points of Darwin’s theory of Natural selection are?
10. Gradualism 11. Tracking changes (evidence of evolution)
12. homologous structures 13. vestigial structures 14. analogous structures 15. similar embryonic development
16. similar biochemistry (e.g. DNA, cytochrome c)
17. speciation –
18. convergent evolution –
19. divergent evolution
20. Coevolution –
21. Adaptive radiation –
22. Hardy-Weinberg principle 23. Gene pool 24. Allele frequencies -
25. Genetic equilibrium 26. Genetic drift –
Earth’s Early History (Chapter 19)
1. Gases in the early atmosphere are?
2. Miller & Urey Apparatus – what did they produce?
3. Protocells –
4. Microspheres –
5. half-life –
6. What were the first cells found in the fossil record?
Classification (Chapter 18)
1. Taxonomy –
2. systematics3. 7 Levels of classification
a. Kingdom
b. Phylum
c. Class
d. Order
e. Family
f. Genus
g. Species
4. What are the Six Kingdoms?
a. Archaebacteriab. Eubacteriac. Protista –
d. Fungi –
e. Plantae –
f. Animalia –
5. Know each groups characteristics and examples from each Kingdom
6. Binomial nomenclature –
7. Know how to write a scientific name (Genus/Species)
8. Phylogenetic tree/cladogram –
9. Know how to use a Dichotomous Key (Biological Key)
Viruses and Monerans (Chapter 20)
1. Characteristics of Viruses
2. What is a virus?
3. Capsid –
4. Envelope –
5. Genetic Material – RNA or DNA
6. Host –
7. Lytic cycle –
8. Lysogenic cycle –
9. Prophage –
10. Know the parts of a bacteriophage
11. Characteristics of Monerans(bacteria)
12. Know the parts of a typical moneran (pg. 337)
13. Plasmids –
14. Endospores –
15. Reproduction
a. Binary Fission –
b. Conjugation –
16. Archaebacteria –
17. Eubacteria –
18. Cell Shape
b.Cocci c. Bacilli d. Spirilla –
19. Cell wall composition
20. Cyanobacteria (Blue green bacteria) –
21. Heterotrophs –
22. Chemoautotrophs –
23. Aerobes –
24. Anaerobes –
25. Decomposers –
26. Symbiosis –
27. Diseases caused by bacteria are?
28. How can we control bacterial growth?
Protists and Fungi (Chapter 21)
Protists
1. Characteristics of Protists
2. compare prokaryotic & eukaryotic cells
3. Three groups the Kingdom Protista is divided into are?
4. Animal-like Protists - Protozoans
a. Protozoan –
b. Amoeba , Pseudopods –
c. Paramecium, Cilia –
5. Plant-like Protists – Algae
a. Algae –
b. Euglena - Flagella
6. Fungus-like Protists – Slime molds & Water molds
7. What are some diseases caused by protists?
8. Why do we need protists?
Fungi
1. Characteristics of Fungi
a. Heterotrophs, Eukaryotes
2. Most have cell walls made of?
3. Unicellular – Yeast
4. Hyphae –
5. Know how fungi grow
6.Spores –