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Download Gen.1303 Genome: The total genetic content contained in a haploid
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Transcript
Gen.1303 Genome: The total genetic content contained in a haploid set of chromosomes in eukaryotes, in a single chromosome in bacteria, or in the DNA or RNA of viruses. i.e. an organisms genetic material. Chromosome: A threadlike linear strand of DNA and associated proteins in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells that carries the genes and functions in the transmission of hereditary information. A circular strand of DNA in bacteria that contains the hereditary information necessary for cell life. Gene: A hereditary unit consisting of a sequence of DNA that occupies a specific location on a chromosome and determines a particular characteristic in an organism. Genes undergo mutation when their DNA sequence changes. Chromatin: A complex of nucleic acids and proteins, primary histones, in the cell nucleus that stains readily with basic dyes and condenses to form chromosomes during cell division. Genetics: The branch of biology that deals with heredity, especially the mechanism of hereditary transmission and the variation of inherited characteristics among similar or related organisms. Molecular Biology: The branch of biology that deals with the formation, structure, and function of macromolecules essential to life, such as nucleic acids and proteins, especially with their role in cell replication and the transmission of genetic information. Nucleosome or Heterochromatin: Globular bulges composed of an octad of 8 pairs of histonic proteins: H2a, H2b, H3 and H4. Around them double stranded inactive DNA (140bp long) is wound nearly twice forming an inactive segment of chromatin. 1 Gen.1303 Linkers or Euchromatin: 2-22 % Threadlike portion of chromatin composed of double stranded active DNA (30-60 bp long) bound to a regulatory histone H1 forming threadlike segment of chromatin. Nucleoid: Special region of the cytoplasm of the prokaryotic cells which contains nucleic acid and performs same function as nucleus. Plasmid: Small structure in cytoplasm of prokaryote, consist of few genes, can replicate & enable cells to resist antibiotics. Chromatid: One of the two threadlike strands formed by long division of chromosome. Codon / Code Triplet: Sequence of 3 adjacent nucleotides which specifies a certain amino acid or termination or initiation signal, it's the basis of the genetic code. 2 Gen.1303 3
