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Cell Organelles
The different structures of the cell
Cell Wall: a rigid covering
 Rigid outer layer found in
plant and bacteria cells.
 Provides protection from
physical injury
 Provides skeletal support.
 Contains openings that
make it totally permeable.
Plasma Membrane: the fluid gate
 Composed of protein
of lipid (fat)
molecules.
 Acts as a boundary to
contain cytoplasm
 Selectively
permeable membrane
to select chemicals
that can pass in and
out of cells.
Cytoplasm: the medium for movement
 Jelly-like material that
fills cells.
 Made mostly of water.
 Serves as a “molecular
soup” in which organelles
are suspended in.
 The medium for transport.
Cytoskeleton: the scaffolding
 Microtubules and
microfilaments
provide structure and
support for the cell.
Nucleus: the command center
 Consists of nuclear
envelope, nucleolus,
chromatin, and
nucleoplasm
 Long thin strands of
chromatin (DNA) contains
instructions for cell
metabolism and heredity.
 Nuclear membrane has
pores for movement of
materials in and out of
nucleus.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth & Rough
 Large workspace for the cell.
 “Rough” appearance due to the
presence of ribosomes
 “Smooth” ER connected to
Rough ER.
 Smooth ER has different
functions for different cells.
Storage of enzymes, and the
production and storage of
lipids.
Mitochondria: Power packs
 Create ATP - the cell’s
chemical energy.
 Can number from 1 to 1000’s
inside eukaryotic cells.
 Folds in the Cristae increase the
surface area for addition
production of ATP’s
 Matrix inside contains hundreds
of enzymes.
Golgi Apparatus
 Mainly devoted to
processing the proteins
synthesized in the
endoplasmic reticulum
(ER)
 Modifies the proteins for
distribution.
Lysosomes: Cleaning up
 Contain powerful
enzymes which can be
used to break down
large food particles into
smaller molecules or
destroy damaged
organelles.
 Might digest healthy
organelles to provide
the cell with extra
energy.
Vacuoles:
Storage and packaging
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Membrane-bound sacs found in
cytoplasm. Same type of
material as the plasma
membrane.
Help in waste disposal, transport,
storage, and growth.
Much larger in plant cells. They
aid in giving the plant cell
support when filled with water.
Also store important substances
like salts, minerals, and
nutrients.
Contractile vacuoles are
specialized to pump water out of
the cell.
Vesicles: transport carries
 Small vacuoles
 Usually formed at
Golgi apparatus.
 Carry protein
molecules to other
organelles or the
plasma membrane.
Ribosome: the protein workbench
 Site of protein
synthesis
 Found on the
Rough
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Inside the cell animation. Click here.