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Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________ Skills Worksheet CH7.1Directed Reading Section: Introduction to Cells Read each question, and write your answer in the space provided. 1. How and when did scientists discover cells? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 2. What is the cell theory? Who formulated it and when? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 3. How do cells vary in shape? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 4. Why is it an advantage for cells to be small? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ In the space provided, write the letter of the description that best matches each term. _____ 5. cell membrane _____ 6. cytoplasm _____ 7. DNA _____ 8. ribosome _____ 9. organelles _____ 10. nucleus a. cell fluid and structures b. cell structure where proteins are made c. cell structures that carry out specific functions d. genetic information e. membrane-bound structure that houses a cell’s DNA f. the outer boundary of a cell Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt Biology 3 Cell Structure Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________ Directed Reading continued Read each question, and write your answer in the space provided. 11. What are prokaryotes, what are they like, and when did they arise? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 12. How do eukaryotes differ from prokaryotes? When did eukaryotes arise? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ Write p if the cell feature is found in prokaryotes. Write e if the cell feature is found in eukaryotes. Write b if the cell feature is found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. _____ 13. cell membrane _____ 14. cytoplasm _____ 15. capsule _____ 16. DNA _____ 17. ribosomes _____ 18. organelles _____ 19. nucleus Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt Biology 4 Cell Structure Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________ Skills Worksheet CH7.2 Directed Reading Section: Inside the Eukaryotic Cell Read each question, and write your answer in the space provided. 1. What is the cytoskeleton, and what is its function? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 2. What are three types of cytoskeleton fibers, and what does each do? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 3. What is the main function of the nucleus, and why is this essential for the health of the cell? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 4. What is the nucleolus, where is it, and what is its function? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 5. What are the two types of ribosomes, and what does each do? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 6. Describe the endoplasmic reticulum, and tell what the two different kinds of endoplasmic reticulum do. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt Biology 5 Cell Structure Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________ Directed Reading continued 7. How does the Golgi apparatus continue the function of the rough ER? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 8. What are two functions of lysosomes? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 9. What do contractile vacuoles in plants do? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 10. What do contractile vacuoles in protists do? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 11. What is ATP? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 12. What are chloroplasts, how are they structured, and in what kinds of cells are they found? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 13. What function do mitochondria perform? Why do some cells contain many mitochondria? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt Biology 6 Cell Structure Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________ Skills Worksheet CH7.3Directed Reading Section: From Cell to Organism Read each question, and write your answer in the space provided. 1. What are four ways that prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 2. What are some ways that prokaryotes can vary? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 3. What are two different structures some prokaryotes have? Describe each, and tell its function. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 4. How do plant cells differ from animal cells? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 5. Define tissue, and give an example of a plant tissue and an animal tissue. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt Biology 7 Cell Structure Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________ Directed Reading continued 6. Define organ, and give an example of an organ in plants and an organ in animals. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 7. Distinguish between organs and organ systems. Give an example of an organ system in plants and an organ system in animals. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 8. Define multicellular organism. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 9. What is a colonial organism? Give an example. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 10. What makes multicellular organisms very different from colonial organisms? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt Biology 8 Cell Structure