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Transcript
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles Organelle: a small membrane-bound structure found inside eukaryotic cells that is specialized to perform a specific function (job). Cellular Boundaries Cell Membrane –a double layer membrane that covers a cell’s surface & acts as a barrier between the inside of a cell and the cell’s environment. ***Controls what goes into and out of the cell. Cell Wall – firm, rigid structure located outside the plasma membrane of plant cells, fungi cells, most bacteria, and some protists. ***Provides support and protection. Cellular Structure Cytoplasm – the interior of the cell including the clear, gelatinous fluid (cytosol) that suspends the cell’s organelles and is the site of numerous chemical reactions Cytoskeleton – a web of various protein fibers that support the cell in the same way that bones support your body. Cellular Control – Protein Synthesis (making proteins) Chromatin – long, tangled strands of genetic material (DNA) found in the nucleus that contain the instructions for making proteins Nucleus – the central membrane-bound organelle that manages cellular functions and contains DNA Nucleolus – the organelle found inside the nucleus that makes ribosomes Ribosome – a non-membrane bound organelle where enzymes and other proteins are assembled (where protein synthesis occurs) Protein Assembly & Transport Endoplasmic Reticulum – Organelle with a series of highly folded membranes that assists in the production, processing and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids Rough ER – covered in ribosomes; packages proteins made by the ribosomes into vesicles (small sacs containing materials) that are transported to the golgi complex Smooth ER – no ribosomes; make lipids and break down toxic substances Golgi Apparatus – organelle with a system of flattened tubular membranes that modifies, sorts and packages proteins and other materials to be transported out of the cell Cellular Storage & Recycling Vacuoles –fluid-filled vesicles in the cytoplasm used for temporary storage of water, ions (charged particles), nutrients and wastes (Plant cells have one large vacuole/Animal cells have many small vacuoles.) Lysosomes – vesicles that contain digestive enzymes; digest excess or worn out organelles, food particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria Energy Transformers Chloroplast – An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis takes place; absorbs light energy and chemically creates sugars (food). Chlorophyll – light-absorbing pigment in plants and some protists that is required for photosynthesis; absorbs most wavelengths of light except for green Mitochondria – Organelle with a highly folded inner membrane that turns energy stored in food molecules into ATP (cellular respiration) Cellular Movement Cilia – short, hair-like projections composed of microtubules that help with movement and feeding Flagella – long, hair-like projections found on some cell surfaces that help propel cells and organisms using a whip-like motion