Download Eukaryotic Cell Organelles

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles
Organelle:
a small membrane-bound structure found inside eukaryotic cells that is
specialized to perform a specific function (job).
Cellular Boundaries
Cell Membrane –a double layer membrane that covers a cell’s surface & acts as a
barrier between the inside of a cell and the cell’s environment.
***Controls what goes into and out of the cell.
Cell Wall – firm, rigid structure located outside the plasma membrane of plant
cells, fungi cells, most bacteria, and some protists.
***Provides support and protection.
Cellular Structure
Cytoplasm – the interior of the cell including the clear, gelatinous fluid (cytosol)
that suspends the cell’s organelles and is the site of numerous chemical reactions
Cytoskeleton – a web of various protein fibers that support the cell in the same
way that bones support your body.
Cellular Control – Protein Synthesis (making proteins)
Chromatin – long, tangled strands of genetic material (DNA) found in the
nucleus that contain the instructions for making proteins
Nucleus – the central membrane-bound organelle that manages cellular
functions and contains DNA
Nucleolus – the organelle found inside the nucleus that makes ribosomes
Ribosome – a non-membrane bound organelle where enzymes and other
proteins are assembled (where protein synthesis occurs)
Protein Assembly & Transport
Endoplasmic Reticulum – Organelle with a series of highly folded membranes that assists in the
production, processing and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids
Rough ER – covered in ribosomes; packages proteins made by the
ribosomes into vesicles (small sacs containing materials) that are
transported to the golgi complex
Smooth ER – no ribosomes; make lipids and break down toxic
substances
Golgi Apparatus – organelle with a system of flattened tubular
membranes that modifies, sorts and packages proteins and other
materials to be transported out of the cell
Cellular Storage & Recycling
Vacuoles –fluid-filled vesicles in the cytoplasm used for temporary storage of water, ions
(charged particles), nutrients and wastes (Plant cells have one large vacuole/Animal cells
have many small vacuoles.)
Lysosomes – vesicles that contain digestive enzymes; digest excess or worn out
organelles, food particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria
Energy Transformers
Chloroplast – An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis takes
place; absorbs light energy and chemically creates sugars (food).
Chlorophyll – light-absorbing pigment in plants and some protists that is required
for photosynthesis; absorbs most wavelengths of light except for green
Mitochondria – Organelle with a highly folded inner membrane that turns energy stored
in food molecules into ATP (cellular respiration)
Cellular Movement
Cilia – short, hair-like projections composed of microtubules that help with movement
and feeding
Flagella – long, hair-like projections found on some cell surfaces that help propel cells
and organisms using a whip-like motion