Download SBI 3C genetics Study Guide (SPRING 2015)

SBI 3C Genetics Unit Test Study Guide
This is not a complete list of all the material that could potentially be on your genetics unit test – use your class notes as a guide
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Describe the 3 reasons why cells need to divide
Describe the phases of the cell cycle (including mitosis and cytokinesis and the 3 phases of interphase)
What is asexual reproduction? Provide examples of organisms that divide through asexual reproduction and
compare the DNA in the parent to the DNA in the daughter cells
What is a clone? Do they occur in nature?
What does totipotent mean? How is a specialized cell’s DNA different from a cell that is totipotent?
Who is Dolly? Briefly explain how she was cloned.
What is sexual reproduction? What two steps need to happen for sexual reproduction to take place?
Describe each phase of meiosis
How is mitosis different from meiosis?
What is nondisjunction?
What is a karyotype? Be able to describe a karyotype using the notation discussed in class.
Interpret karyotypes by describing if they are normal or have one of the 3 autosomal trisomies or the 4 sex
chromosome non-disjunction disorders discussed in class
Know symptoms of Down’s syndrome, Patau syndrome, Edward’s syndrome, Turner’s syndrome, Kleinfelter’s
syndrome, trisomic female and XYY males
system of symbols to represent autosomal traits with complete dominance (capitalized letter represents the
dominant trait, lowercase letter represents recessive trait)
When is the dominant phenotype expressed? When is the recessive phenotype expressed?
solve single – trait (monohybrid), complete dominance inheritance problems
interpret and draw pedigree charts using the proper notation
system of symbols to represent traits located on the sex chromosomes
Why do male offspring inherit an X-linked trait from the mother? Why are males affected more often than females?
solve X-linkage problems
use proper notation to represent co-dominant alleles (red, white and roan coat colours of cattle)
use proper notation to solve ABO blood type inheritance problems
What are the three components of DNA? What is a complementary base pair?
What is a point mutation? Identify and describe the 3 types of point mutations? How do point mutations differ from
chromosomal mutations?
What is the human genome project?
What is gene therapy?
DNA fingerprinting – what is it? How is it used? Interpret a gel
Describe some of the ethical and social issues that are associated with DNA technology
Genetics Terms
hybrid
recessive
allele
dominant
genotype
meiosis
homozygous
phenotype
heterozygous
monohybrid cross
Punnett square
clone
homologous chromosome
sister chromatid
asexual reproduction
sexual reproduction
nondisjunction
differentiated cell
point mutation
gene
mitosis
daughter cell
parent cell
autosome
gamete
somatic cell
sex chromosome
synapsis
totipotent
cytokinesis
tetrad
crossing over
SBI 3C Genetics Unit Test Study Guide
This is not a complete list of all the material that could potentially be on your genetics unit test – use your class notes as a guide
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Describe the 3 reasons why cells need to divide
Describe the phases of the cell cycle (including mitosis and cytokinesis and the 3 phases of interphase)
What is asexual reproduction? Provide examples of organisms that divide through asexual reproduction and
compare the DNA in the parent to the DNA in the daughter cells
What is a clone? Do they occur in nature?
What does totipotent mean? How is a specialized cell’s DNA different from a cell that is totipotent?
Who is Dolly? Briefly explain how she was cloned.
What is sexual reproduction? What two steps need to happen for sexual reproduction to take place?
Describe each phase of meiosis
How is mitosis different from meiosis?
What is nondisjunction?
What is a karyotype? Be able to describe a karyotype using the notation discussed in class.
Interpret karyotypes by describing if they are normal or have one of the 3 autosomal trisomies or the 4 sex
chromosome non-disjunction disorders discussed in class
Know symptoms of Down’s syndrome, Patau syndrome, Edward’s syndrome, Turner’s syndrome, Kleinfelter’s
syndrome, trisomic female and XYY males
system of symbols to represent autosomal traits with complete dominance (capitalized letter represents the
dominant trait, lowercase letter represents recessive trait)
When is the dominant phenotype expressed? When is the recessive phenotype expressed?
solve single – trait (monohybrid), complete dominance inheritance problems
interpret and draw pedigree charts using the proper notation
system of symbols to represent traits located on the sex chromosomes
Why do male offspring inherit an X-linked trait from the mother? Why are males affected more often than females?
solve X-linkage problems
use proper notation to represent co-dominant alleles (red, white and roan coat colours of cattle)
use proper notation to solve ABO blood type inheritance problems
What are the three components of DNA? What is a complementary base pair?
What is a point mutation? Identify and describe the 3 types of point mutations? How do point mutations differ from
chromosomal mutations?
What is the human genome project?
What is gene therapy?
DNA fingerprinting – what is it? How is it used? Interpret a gel
Describe some of the ethical and social issues that are associated with DNA technology
Genetics Terms
hybrid
recessive
allele
dominant
genotype
meiosis
homozygous
phenotype
heterozygous
monohybrid cross
Punnett square
clone
homologous chromosome
sister chromatid
asexual reproduction
sexual reproduction
nondisjunction
differentiated cell
point mutation
gene
mitosis
daughter cell
parent cell
autosome
gamete
somatic cell
sex chromosome
synapsis
totipotent
cytokinesis
tetrad
crossing over