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Transcript
Enzymes, Cell Membranes and all that Jazz…….. 1. What environmental conditions affect enzyme activity? Use the graph at the right to answer questions 2-5 2. Why did the reaction rate for enzyme J drop when the temperature exceeded 50C? 3. What is the optimal temperature for enzyme J? 4. How do you know this is the optimal temperature? 5. Could enzyme J be an enzyme found in the human body? Why or why not? Use the graph at the right to answer questions 6-8 6. What is the optimal pH for: Enzyme K? Enzyme M? Enzyme L? 7. Which letter represents the activity of an enzyme that could be found in the stomach? 8. What happens to enzyme activity when the pH is higher or lower than the optimal pH? Why does this happen? 9. Match the structure with the correct letter from the diagram: _______ cholesterol ______ cytoskeleton ______ glycolipid ______ glycoprotein ______ hydrophilic end of phospholipids ______ hydrophobic end of phospholipids ______ integral protein ______ lipid bilayer ______ peripheral proteins 10. What component(s) of the cell membrane contribute to the fluid quality of the cell membrane? 11. List possible functions of membrane proteins (Give at least three possible functions) 12. Complete the following chart describing the role of cholesterol in the cell membrane. Temperature Role of Cholesterol Effect on Membrane Fluidity Warm Cold 13. How is winter wheat able to survive the cold temperatures of winter without serious cell damage? 14. What is the role of carbohydrates on the surface of cell membranes? What are two reasons why this is important? 15. What is the role of transport proteins in biological membranes? 16. A semipermeable sac containing 4% NaCl, 9% glucose, and 10% albumin is suspended in a solution with the following composition: 10% NaCl, 10% glucose and 40% albumin. Assume the sac is permeable to all substances except albumin. Use the key provided to determine how each substance will move. _____ Glucose _____ Albumin _____ Water _____ NaCl A. Moves into the sac B. Moves out of the sac C. Does not move 17. The diagrams below show three microscopic fields (A-C) containing red blood cells. Arrows indicate the direction of water movement. Answer the following questions. a. Which microscopic field shows a hypertonic environment?_____ b. Which microscopic field shows a cell hypertonic to its environment? _____ c. Which microscopic field shows an isotonic environment? _____ d. Describe what is happening to the cells in Field C and explain why this is happening. 18. Examine the drawing at the left. The tube, filled with 10% sucrose solution was placed in a 5% sucrose solution. The membrane covering the bottom of the tube is impermeable to sucrose. a. In what direction does water flow? b. Explain why in terms of osmotic pressure. c. Is the tube’s content hypertonic, hypotonic or isotonic d. Is the solution outside the tube hypertonic, hypotonic or isotonic? 19. Complete the following chart comparing the different transport processes. 20. Match the description/definition/example with the correct transport. A. Active transport B. Diffusion C. Endocytosis D. Exocytosis E. Facilitatied diffusion F. Osmosis G. Phagocytosis H. Pinocytosis _____The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane down its concentration gradient ____ The movement of materials across a semipermeable membrane down their concentration gradients with the assistance of transport proteins. ____ The movement of materials down their concentration gradient ____ Pumping of materials across a membrane against their concentration gradients ____ Intake of small droplets of liquid by endocytosis ____ Occurs when a vesicle/vacuole fuses with the cell membrane releaseing the contents to the outside ____ Intake of solids by endocytosis ____ Occurs when a small region of the plasms membrane invaginates, pinches off and forma a vesicle/vacuole ____ Sodium/potassium pump _____Transport proteins are used to transport glucose ot amino acids down their concentration gradients into the cell _____ White blood cells engulf a harmful bacterium _____ Drinking water causes the loss of water from cells lining the digestive tract Any questions? Anything that needs more explanation? Jot your notes here!!