* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Prokaryote
Survey
Document related concepts
Cytoplasmic streaming wikipedia , lookup
Tissue engineering wikipedia , lookup
Cell nucleus wikipedia , lookup
Extracellular matrix wikipedia , lookup
Signal transduction wikipedia , lookup
Cell encapsulation wikipedia , lookup
Cell culture wikipedia , lookup
Cell membrane wikipedia , lookup
Cellular differentiation wikipedia , lookup
Cell growth wikipedia , lookup
Endomembrane system wikipedia , lookup
Organ-on-a-chip wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Name:_____________________________ Period:________________ Date:____________ Biology Turkey Week Study Guide/Review of past concepts Vocabulary to Review: Pseudoscience Scientific Method Prokaryote Independent Variable Dependent Eukaryote Cell Theory Transpiration Cell Organelles Producer Stomata Hypotonic and Hypertonic Carbohydrate Xylem and Phloem Passive and Active Transport Protein Capillary Action Chromosome Macromolecule Cohesion and Adhesion Mitosis and Meiosis Lipid Aerobic Respiration Cancer Nucleic Acids Anaerobic Respiration Sister chromatids Surface tension ATP Crossing over Polarity ADP Mutation Enzyme Hydrogen Bonding Codon Activation Energy Photosynthesis mRNA and tRNA Glycolysis Calvin Cycle Cellular Respiration Stamen Anther Sepals Pistil Pollen Guard Cell Part I 1) A) B) C) D) Science can be valuable for many reasons. Which of the following is NOT a goal of science? to investigate and understand the natural world to explain events in the natural world to establish a collection of unchanging truths to use derived explanations to make useful predictions 2) A) B) C) D) 3) A) B) C) D) 4) A) B) C) D) 5) A) B) C) D) 6) A) B) C) D) Although they are all pursuits of knowledge, science differs from other disciplines, such as history and the arts. What does science use as a source of knowledge that art and history typically do not? proving facts. testing explanations. observations. theories. Suppose that a scientific idea is well-tested and can be used to make predictions in numerous new situations, but cannot explain one particular event. Which of the following best describes this idea? A hypothesis that is incorrect. A hypothesis that must be retested. A theory that should be discarded. A theory that may need revision. Science can be used to answer many questions but does have its limitations in some areas. Which of the following is a question that can be answered by science? What is beauty? Is it ethical to do experiments on animals? How does DNA influence a person’s health? Do people watch too much television? Although scientists do not always follow a strict sequence in their investigations, the work of scientists usually begins with which process? testing a hypothesis. careful observations. creating experiments. drawing conclusions. Students are asked to gather information from observing a plant grow 3 cm over a two-week period. What would this information be called? inferences. variables. hypotheses. data. Name:_____________________________ 7) Period:________________ Date:____________ A) B) C) D) A teacher sets up an experiment where a dry piece of bread and a wet piece of bread are left in sealed plastic bags for a week. The students are asked to make observations each day. The dry piece of bread grew mold on the 5th day and the wet piece of bread grew mold on the 3rd day. Based on the observations, one student claimed that the presence of water could accelerate the growth of bread mold. What has the student developed? a conclusion. an inference. variables. data. 8) A) B) C) D) During a controlled experiment, what does a scientist isolate and test? a conclusion. a mass of information. a control group. a single variable. 9) A) B) C) D) How do scientific theories compare to hypotheses? Theories are the same as hypotheses. Theories unify a broad range of observations and hypotheses. Hypotheses combine the ideas of several theories to explain events. Hypotheses are the dominant view among scientists. Part 2 10. What process is occurring in this diagram? What properties of water make this process possible? 11. What environmental factors could speed up or show down the process shown in #10? 12. Write the two formulas for photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Circle the reactants in photosynthesis and put a square about the products for cellular respiration. How do they compare? 13. Compare/contrast aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Commonalities Differences 14. Fill in the table comparing prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes. Prokaryote Nucleus present? DNA present? Cytoplasm present? Cell membrane present? Cell wall present? Eukaryote Name:_____________________________ Period:________________ Date:____________ 15. What type of cell is shown to the right? How do you know? Make sure that you review the parts of the cell and that you know what job each part of the cell is responsible for. 16. What is this an image of? What is its primary role? What macromolecule is it made of? 17. A. Label each of the three beakers as hypotonic, hypertonic, or isotonic. B. Explain what happens to the cell placed in each of the three beakers. 18. Use evidence from the diagram to explain the differences between passive and active transport. 19. Why must DNA be replicated? 20. This diagram shows sexual vs asexual reproduction. Explain three major differences between these two processes. 21. How do the daughter cells compare to the parent cell after mitosis has occurred? Give an example. Name:_____________________________ Period:________________ Date:____________ Part 3 Match the following terms to their definitions __1 Activation Energy A weak bonds between the hydrogen of one water molecule and the oxygen of a nearby water molecule __2 Carbohydrate B amount of heat per unit mass required to raise the temperature by one degree Celsius. Higher for water than any other common substance __3 Dehydration synthesis C The amount of heat required to convert a liquid into a gas at constant temperature and pressure. __4 Endothermic D any compound containing carbon in covalent bonds __5 Enzyme deficiency E __6 Exothermic F __7 Heat of vaporization G __8 Hydrogen bond H __9 Lipid I __10 Monomer J __11 Non-polar K a molecule of low molecular weight capable of reacting with identical or different molecules of low molecular weight to form a polymer a chemical change that is accompanied by an absorption of heat. The energy in the products is greater than the energy in the reactants a chemical change that is accompanied by a liberation of heat. The energy in the reactants is greater than the energy in the products the minimum amount of energy required to convert a normal stable molecule into a reactive molecule a compound of high molecular weight derived by condensation of many smaller molecules with the elimination of water a condensation reaction carried out by losing (-OH) from one monomer and (H) from another monomer. The two unstable monomers join together, the (-OH) and (H) combine forming water (H2O) substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction __12 Nucleic acid L substance formed in a chemical reaction __13 Organic compound M __14 Phospholipid bilayer N __15 Polar O __16 Polymer P __17 __18 Product Protein Q R __19 Reactant S __20 Specific Heat T organic compounds, including sugars and polysaccharides that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, with the general formula (C H 2 O) n : an important source of food and energy for animals fats, oils, waxes, sterols, and triglycerides, that are insoluble in water but soluble in common organic solvents, and together with carbohydrates and proteins constitute the principal structural material of living cells (CH2)nO<n long, linear macromolecules, either DNA or various types of RNA, that carry genetic information directing all cellular functions: composed of linked nucleotides. composed of 20 or more amino acids linked in a genetically controlled linear sequence into one or more long polypeptide chains The absence of a functioning protein that controls the rate of a reaction A molecule in which there is (almost) no polarity in the bonds (when there is an equal sharing of electrons between two different atoms) or because of the symmetrical arrangement of polar bonds. Not soluble in water A molecule in which the atoms have differences in electronegativity , or as a result of an asymmetric arrangement of bonds and non-bonding pairs of electrons. Soluble in water The main lipid component of biological membranes,a molecule composed of glycerol, phosphate, two fatty acids, and 'headgroups' with different chemical properties. 21. Fill in the reactants and products for photosynthesis and cellular respiration? Photosynthesis: 6 _____+ 6 _____ → _____ + 6 _____ Cellular Respiration: _____ + 6 _____ → 6 _____+ 6 _____ 22. Write the name of each molecule in each of the above chemical equations. 23. What is the correct macromolecule associated with each of the following descriptions A. carbohydrate B. lipid C. nucleic acid D. protein ___. The monomer of this class of macromolecules is the simple sugar ___. The monomer of this class of macromolecules is the nucleotide ___. The monomer of this class of macromolecules is the amino acid 24. Use the words active site and induced fit to describe how and why the shape of an enzyme changes as it encounters a substrate molecule. ________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ _____________ 25. Explain the concept of optimum environment for enzyme function. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________ 26. Define the relationship between enzymes and activation energy. Part 4 1) Define the following Key Terms related to cell structure and function: a) b) c) d) e) f) Aquaporin Cell Cell Membrane Cell Theory Cell Wall Centriole g) h) f) g) h) Cytoplasm Cytoskeleton Eukaryote Homeostasis Organ k) Organ system l) Organelle m) Prokaryote n) Tissue 2) List the three principles that are a part of the cell theory. a. b. c. 3) What did each of the following contribute to our knowledge of cells? How did their contributions lead to the development of the Cell Theory? a)Robert Hooke b)Anton van Leeuwenhoek c) Schleiden d) Schwann e) Virchow Name:_____________________________ Period:________________ 4) List the structures typically found in a prokaryotic cell. 5) What type of organism is made up of prokaryotic cells? 6) In what ways do eukaryotic cells differ from prokaryotic cells? 7) List all the organelles found in plant cells but not in animal cells. 8) List all the organelles found in animal cells but not in plant cells. 9) Identify the structure and function of the following organelles: a) chloroplasts b) endoplasmic reticulum c) Golgi body d) lysosomes e) mitochondria f) nucleus g) plasma (cell) membrane h) ribosomes i) cell wall j) vacuole 10) Using the diagram below, identify the following numbered parts: #1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11 and 12 11) Define the Key Terms associated with Cell Transport: a) b) c) d) Active transport Diffusion Facilitated Diffusion Homeostasis e) f) g) h) Hypertonic Hypotonic Isotonic Lipid Bilayer i) Osmosis j) Osmotic pressure k) Passive transport l) Selectively permeable 12) Sketch a portion of the plasma membrane and label the parts. Date:____________