Download Prokaryote

Name:_____________________________
Period:________________
Date:____________
Biology Turkey Week Study Guide/Review of past concepts
Vocabulary to Review:
Pseudoscience
Scientific Method
Prokaryote
Independent Variable
Dependent
Eukaryote
Cell Theory
Transpiration
Cell Organelles
Producer
Stomata
Hypotonic and Hypertonic
Carbohydrate
Xylem and Phloem
Passive and Active Transport
Protein
Capillary Action
Chromosome
Macromolecule
Cohesion and Adhesion
Mitosis and Meiosis
Lipid
Aerobic Respiration
Cancer
Nucleic Acids
Anaerobic Respiration
Sister chromatids
Surface tension
ATP
Crossing over
Polarity
ADP
Mutation
Enzyme
Hydrogen Bonding
Codon
Activation Energy
Photosynthesis
mRNA and tRNA
Glycolysis
Calvin Cycle
Cellular Respiration
Stamen
Anther
Sepals
Pistil
Pollen
Guard Cell
Part I
1)
A)
B)
C)
D)
Science can be valuable for many reasons. Which of the following is NOT a goal of science?
to investigate and understand the natural world
to explain events in the natural world
to establish a collection of unchanging truths
to use derived explanations to make useful predictions
2)
A)
B)
C)
D)
3)
A)
B)
C)
D)
4)
A)
B)
C)
D)
5)
A)
B)
C)
D)
6)
A)
B)
C)
D)
Although they are all pursuits of knowledge, science differs from other disciplines, such as history
and the arts. What does science use as a source of knowledge that art and history typically do not?
proving facts.
testing explanations.
observations.
theories.
Suppose that a scientific idea is well-tested and can be used to make predictions in numerous new
situations, but cannot explain one particular event. Which of the following best describes this idea?
A hypothesis that is incorrect.
A hypothesis that must be retested.
A theory that should be discarded.
A theory that may need revision.
Science can be used to answer many questions but does have its limitations in some areas. Which of
the following is a question that can be answered by science?
What is beauty?
Is it ethical to do experiments on animals?
How does DNA influence a person’s health?
Do people watch too much television?
Although scientists do not always follow a strict sequence in their investigations, the work of
scientists usually begins with which process?
testing a hypothesis.
careful observations.
creating experiments.
drawing conclusions.
Students are asked to gather information from observing a plant grow 3 cm over a two-week period.
What would this information be called?
inferences.
variables.
hypotheses.
data.
Name:_____________________________
7)
Period:________________
Date:____________
A)
B)
C)
D)
A teacher sets up an experiment where a dry piece of bread and a wet piece of bread are left in sealed
plastic bags for a week. The students are asked to make observations each day. The dry piece of
bread grew mold on the 5th day and the wet piece of bread grew mold on the 3rd day. Based on the
observations, one student claimed that the presence of water could accelerate the growth of bread
mold. What has the student developed?
a conclusion.
an inference.
variables.
data.
8)
A)
B)
C)
D)
During a controlled experiment, what does a scientist isolate and test?
a conclusion.
a mass of information.
a control group.
a single variable.
9)
A)
B)
C)
D)
How do scientific theories compare to hypotheses?
Theories are the same as hypotheses.
Theories unify a broad range of observations and hypotheses.
Hypotheses combine the ideas of several theories to explain events.
Hypotheses are the dominant view among scientists.
Part 2
10. What process is occurring in this
diagram? What properties of water
make this process possible?
11. What environmental factors could speed up or show down the process shown in
#10?
12. Write the two formulas for photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Circle the
reactants in photosynthesis and put a square about the products for cellular
respiration. How do they compare?
13. Compare/contrast aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
Commonalities
Differences
14. Fill in the table comparing prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes.
Prokaryote
Nucleus present?
DNA present?
Cytoplasm present?
Cell membrane present?
Cell wall present?
Eukaryote
Name:_____________________________
Period:________________
Date:____________
15. What type of cell is shown to the right? How
do you know?
Make sure that you review the parts of the cell and
that you know what job each part of the cell is
responsible for.
16.
What is this an image of?
What is its primary role?
What macromolecule is it made of?
17. A. Label each of the three beakers as hypotonic, hypertonic, or isotonic.
B. Explain what happens to the cell placed in each of the three beakers.
18. Use evidence from the diagram to explain the differences between passive and
active transport.
19. Why must DNA be replicated?
20. This diagram shows sexual vs asexual reproduction. Explain three major
differences between these two processes.
21. How do the daughter cells compare to the parent cell after mitosis has occurred?
Give an example.
Name:_____________________________
Period:________________
Date:____________
Part 3
Match the following terms to their definitions
__1
Activation Energy
A
weak bonds between the hydrogen of one water molecule and the oxygen of a nearby
water molecule
__2
Carbohydrate
B
amount of heat per unit mass required to raise the temperature by one degree
Celsius. Higher for water than any other common substance
__3
Dehydration synthesis
C
The amount of heat required to convert a liquid into a gas at constant temperature
and pressure.
__4
Endothermic
D
any compound containing carbon in covalent bonds
__5
Enzyme deficiency
E
__6
Exothermic
F
__7
Heat of vaporization
G
__8
Hydrogen bond
H
__9
Lipid
I
__10
Monomer
J
__11
Non-polar
K
a molecule of low molecular weight capable of reacting with identical or different
molecules of low molecular weight to form a polymer
a chemical change that is accompanied by an absorption of heat. The energy in the
products is greater than the energy in the reactants
a chemical change that is accompanied by a liberation of heat. The energy in the
reactants is greater than the energy in the products
the minimum amount of energy required to convert a normal stable molecule into a
reactive molecule
a compound of high molecular weight derived by condensation of many smaller
molecules with the elimination of water
a condensation reaction carried out by losing (-OH) from one monomer and (H) from
another monomer. The two unstable monomers join together, the (-OH) and (H)
combine forming water (H2O)
substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction
__12
Nucleic acid
L
substance formed in a chemical reaction
__13
Organic compound
M
__14
Phospholipid bilayer
N
__15
Polar
O
__16
Polymer
P
__17
__18
Product
Protein
Q
R
__19
Reactant
S
__20
Specific Heat
T
organic compounds, including sugars and polysaccharides that contain carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen, with the general formula (C H 2 O) n : an important source of
food and energy for animals
fats, oils, waxes, sterols, and triglycerides, that are insoluble in water but soluble in
common organic solvents, and together with carbohydrates and proteins constitute
the principal structural material of living cells (CH2)nO<n
long, linear macromolecules, either DNA or various types of RNA, that carry genetic
information directing all cellular functions: composed of linked nucleotides.
composed of 20 or more amino acids linked in a genetically controlled linear sequence
into one or more long polypeptide chains
The absence of a functioning protein that controls the rate of a reaction
A molecule in which there is (almost) no polarity in the bonds (when there is an equal
sharing of electrons between two different atoms) or because of the symmetrical
arrangement of polar bonds. Not soluble in water
A molecule in which the atoms have differences in electronegativity , or as a result of
an asymmetric arrangement of bonds and non-bonding pairs of electrons. Soluble in
water
The main lipid component of biological membranes,a molecule composed of glycerol,
phosphate, two fatty acids, and 'headgroups' with different chemical properties.
21. Fill in the reactants and products for photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
Photosynthesis: 6 _____+ 6 _____ → _____ + 6 _____
Cellular Respiration: _____ + 6 _____ → 6 _____+ 6 _____
22. Write the name of each molecule in each of the above chemical equations.
23. What is the correct macromolecule associated with each of the following descriptions
A. carbohydrate
B. lipid
C. nucleic acid
D. protein
___. The monomer of this class of macromolecules is the simple sugar
___. The monomer of this class of macromolecules is the nucleotide
___. The monomer of this class of macromolecules is the amino acid
24. Use the words active site and induced fit to describe how and why the shape of an enzyme changes as it
encounters a substrate molecule.
________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_____________
25. Explain the concept of optimum environment for enzyme function.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________
26. Define the relationship between enzymes and activation energy.
Part 4
1) Define the following Key Terms related to cell structure and function:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
Aquaporin
Cell
Cell Membrane
Cell Theory
Cell Wall
Centriole
g)
h)
f)
g)
h)
Cytoplasm
Cytoskeleton
Eukaryote
Homeostasis
Organ
k) Organ system
l) Organelle
m) Prokaryote
n) Tissue
2) List the three principles that are a part of the cell theory.
a.
b.
c.
3) What did each of the following contribute to our knowledge of cells? How did their contributions lead to
the development of the Cell Theory?
a)Robert Hooke
b)Anton van Leeuwenhoek
c) Schleiden
d) Schwann
e) Virchow
Name:_____________________________
Period:________________
4) List the structures typically found in a prokaryotic cell.
5) What type of organism is made up of prokaryotic cells?
6) In what ways do eukaryotic cells differ from prokaryotic cells?
7) List all the organelles found in plant cells but not in animal cells.
8) List all the organelles found in animal cells but not in plant cells.
9) Identify the structure and function of the following organelles:
a) chloroplasts
b) endoplasmic reticulum
c) Golgi body
d) lysosomes
e) mitochondria
f) nucleus
g) plasma (cell) membrane
h) ribosomes
i) cell wall
j) vacuole
10) Using the diagram below, identify the following numbered parts:
#1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11 and 12
11) Define the Key Terms associated with Cell Transport:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Active transport
Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
Homeostasis
e)
f)
g)
h)
Hypertonic
Hypotonic
Isotonic
Lipid Bilayer
i) Osmosis
j) Osmotic pressure
k) Passive transport
l) Selectively permeable
12) Sketch a portion of the plasma membrane and label the parts.
Date:____________