Download Genetics Test 2

Genetics Test 2 Study Guide KEY
1) A strand of DNA has these bases: AGC CAT GTA TAC
What is the complementary DNA strand?
TCG GTA CAT ATG
2) Which kind of reproduction produces the most variation within a
species?
SEXUAL
3) Which biotechnology technique would most likely be used by
forensic scientists?
DNA FINGERPRINTING
4) Give a reason scientists produce transgenic organisms?
PRODUCING HUMAN INSULIN, GROWTH
HORMONE, AND OTHER HORMONES
5) A segment of DNA has this sequence: ATA GCA CAT GTA
What is the mRNA sequence transcribed from this segment?
UAU CGU GUA CAU
6) List the steps in producing transgenic bacteria?
 RESTRICTION ENZYME CUTS BACTERIA’S DNA
(PLASMID)
 RESTRICTION ENZYME CUTS OTHER ORGANISM’S
DNA
 DNA FROM OTHER ORGANISM IS INSERTED INTO
BACTERIA’S DNA (INSERTED WHERE BACTERIA’S
DNA WAS CUT)
7) Would any of the following produce a mutation that is passed on to
offspring? (write yes or no beside the statements)
a) radiation changing the DNA sequence in skin cells NO
b) a gamete with an extra chromosome forming YES
c) tobacco smoke altering the genes in lung cells NO
d) exposure to chemicals altering nerve cell function NO
8) What is the result when a single cell reproduces by mitosis? (how
many cells and if the genetic info is identical to or different from the
parent)
2 IDENTICAL CELLS
9) How would overexposure to X-rays affect most animal cells?
RADIATION CHANGES (MUTATES) THE DNA
SEQUENCE
10)
How are sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction different?
SEXUAL: OFFSPRING DIFFERENT FROM PARENTS
ASEXUAL: OFFSPRING IDENTICAL TO PARENTS
11) Two people believe they are related. What would be the best
technique to determine if they are related?
COMPARE DNA (DNA FINGERPRINTING)
12)
Sexual reproduction provides for what to occur?
GENETIC VARIATION
13) Most sex-linked, recessive traits–including hemophilia and color
blindness–appear in males. Explain why.
MOST SEX-LINKED TRAITS ARE CARRIED ON THE X
CHROMOSOME AND MALES DO NOT HAVE ANOTHER
X TO MASK THE BAD X
14) Huntington’s disease is an autosomal dominant trait. What
are the chances that a child will develop Huntington’s disease if one
parent is heterozygous and the other is normal?
Hh
hh
h
H Hh
h Hh
h
hh
hh
50% chance kids will have
Huntington’s
15) Some flowers show incomplete dominance. If RR = white and
R’R’ = red, which phenotypic ratio would be expected in the
offspring of two pink flowers?
R’
R’ R’R’
R R’R
R
R’R
RR
1 RED : 2 PINK : 1 WHITE
16) A couple has five children, all with blood type A. The mother’s
blood type is O, and the father’s blood type is A. Based on this
information, which describes the most probable genotype of the
father?
IAIA (HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT) BECAUSE ALL THE
KIDS ARE TYPE A (IF THE DAD IS IAi, 50% OF THE
KIDS WOULD BE TYPE O)
17) A karyotype of a human female shows that she has only one sex
chromosome. What genotype would represent her genetic condition?
XO
18) A plant nursery only grew one type of tomato plant. All of their
tomato plants died from the same disease. Explain why this would
happen.
THERE WAS NOT ENOUGH GENETIC VARIATION IN
THE PLANTS
19) What are the possible phenotypes of the children of each couple
below:
a) one parent with type AB blood, and the other parent with type A
blood
IA
IB
I A I AI A I AI B
KIDS WILL HAVE TYPE
A
A
A
A
B
I I I
I I
A, TYPE B OR TYPE AB
(DEPENDING ON IF
IA
IB
THE TYPE A PARENT IS
A
A
A
A
B
I I I
I I
HETEROZYGOUS OR
i
I Ai
IBi
HOMOZYGOUS)
b) one parent with type AB blood, and the other parent with type O
blood
i
i
IA
I Ai
I Ai
IB
IBi
IBi
KIDS WILL HAVE
TYPE A OR TYPE B
c) one parent with heterozygous type A blood, and the other parent
with type O blood
i
i
IA
I Ai
I Ai
i
ii
ii
KIDS WILL HAVE
TYPE A OR TYPE O
d) one parent with homozygous type A blood, and the other parent
with homozygous type B blood
IA
IA
KIDS WILL HAVE
B
A
B
I I I
I AI B
TYPE AB
I B I AI B I AI B
20) One of the parents of a child has phenylketonuria (PKU), which is
caused by recessive alleles. The other parent does not have the
PKU alleles. What is the chance that the couple will have a child
with phenylketonuria?
aa x AA
a
a
A Aa
Aa
A Aa
Aa
21) Hitchhiker’s thumb (H) is dominant to no hitchhiker’s thumb (h).
A woman who does not have hitchhiker’s thumb marries a man who
is heterozygous for hitchhiker’s thumb. What is the probable
genotypic ratio of their children?
hh x Hh
h
H Hh
h Hh
h
hh
hh
50% have hitchhikers’ thumb, 50% do not
22)
What is a use of genetically engineered bacteria?
TREAT CERTAIN TYPES OF DISEASES (EX: PRODUCING
INSULIN FOR DIABETICS)
23) What kind of genetic abnormality can be identified through
karyotyping?
EXTRA OR MISSING CHROMOSOME
24) How many chromosomes are contained in a human male gamete
cell?
23
25) The observed trait that appears in an organism as a result of its
genetic makeup is called the organism’s _PHENOTYPE__.
26) The genetic disorder trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) is caused by
what genetic event?
NONDISJUNCTION
27) The gene for red/green colorblindness in humans is recessive
and primarily affects males. It must be located on which
chromosome?
X
28)
What is the diploid chromosome number in a human body cell?
46
29) The Clydesdale is a large breed of horse that was used for
specific farming purposes, such as plowing and pulling wagons. The
biggest and most muscular male horses were crossed with the
biggest and most muscular females to produce the strongest
offspring possible. This is an example of SELECTIVE BREEDING
30) A person can have either straight or bent pinky fingers. A
woman who is homozygous for bent pinky fingers has children with
a man who has straight pinky fingers. All of their children have bent
pinky fingers. The trait for bent pinky fingers is an example of a
trait that is DOMINANT
31)
Type AB blood is an example of what kind of dominance?
CODOMINANCE
32) A plant with red flowers is crossed with a plant that has white
flowers. The offspring all have pink flowers. This is an example of
what type of dominance?
INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE
33) Cystic fibrosis is a hereditary disease that affects the respiratory
and digestive systems. Cystic fibrosis occurs when two recessive
genes (cc) are present. A person with one allele for cystic fibrosis is
called a carrier (Cc) of the disease. If the mother is a carrier of the
disease and the father is homozygous dominant, what are the
chances that their child will be a carrier of cystic fibrosis?
50% CHILD WILL BE A CARRIER
C
c
C
CC
Cc
C
CC
Cc
34) The genetic make up of an organism (ex: Aa) is the organism's
GENOTYPE.
35) RESTRICTION ENZYMES act like scissors by cutting DNA at a
certain point.
36) STEM CELLS are cells that can be very useful in studying
genetics and genetic engineering because they are not yet
specialized.
37) Most sex-linked traits or disorders are carried on the X
chromosome.
38) The diagram that shows how traits are passed down generations
of a family is called a PEDIGREE.
39) TRANSGENIC organisms are produced when DNA of one
organism is inserted into a different organism.
40) Gel electrophoresis is used to make an organism’s DNA
FINGERPRINT
41)
What is the technique used to produce the DNA fingerprint below?
GEL ELECTROPHORESIS
42)
Who committed the crime? SUSPECT 2
43) The diagram below represents DNA fingerprints which are the
result of gel electrophoresis done on several DNA samples found at
a crime scene. Which suspect is linked to the crime scene by this
DNA analysis?
SUSUSPECT B
44) What is the amino acid sequence can be coded from the DNA
sequence CAG TAG CGA?
mRNA:
GUC AUC GCU
AMINO ACIDS:
VALINE,
ISOLEUCINE,
ALANINE
45) This diagram shows a pedigree for a recessive genetic disorder.
Write the genotypes for each individual on the pedigree below.
rr
Rr
rr
Rr
Rr
rr
Rr
rr
Rr
Rr
rr
46) What kind of trait is shown in the pedigree below? (Autosomal
or sex-linked? Dominant or recessive?)
SEX LINKED
RECESSIVE
47)
In which section of DNA below is there a mutation?
48)
Which organism is most closely related to Organism 1?
ORGANISM 4 (BANDS ARE MOST SIMILAR TO 1)
49) A hospital wants to identify the parents of a baby. Based on the
DNA fingerprints, which couple is most likely the parents of the
baby?
BABY BELONGS TO COUPLE X
50) Write the correct order of mitosis and meiosis and sketch a
picture for each phase
INTERPHASE PROPHASE 1
CYTOKINESIS
TELOPHASE 2
METAPHASE 1 ANAPHASE 1
ANAPHASE 2
METAPHSE 2
TELOPHASE 1
PROPHASE 2
Name the karyotypes below:
NORMAL MALE
DOWN SYNDROME MALE
(TRISOMY 21 MALE)
NORMAL FEMALE
TURNER SYNDROME FEMALE
KLINEFELTER SYNDROME MALE