Download Answer Key - TeacherWeb

Answer Key
Gill NAHS Biology A Final Exam – Study Guide ANSWERS, Part 1
Answers may range from a vocabulary word to one or more sentences describing related concepts. Please
answer on a separate paper. After checking your answers for correctness, review the questions and answers,
make flash cards to review and quiz yourself or study with friends.
1. The smallest units of life are cells.
2. Surface area is an important factor in limiting cell growth b/c the cell may get too
large to take in enough food and remove enough wastes. p.137
3. The differences between prokaryotes & eukaryotes include prokaryotes do not
have a nucleus.
4.
Examples of prokaryotic cells include bacteria.
5. A structure within a eukaryotic cell that performs a specific function is called a(n)
organelle.
6. The type of molecule that forms a lipid bilayer w/in a cell membrane is a
phospholipid.
7. The functions of the cell membrane include enclosing_the cell contents, being
selectively permeable and_controlling molecules that enter and leave the cell.
8. Phospholipids are molecules that contain phosphate, have polar heads & nonpolar
tails and form the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane. p.81
9. The double membrane surrounding the nucleus is called the lipid bilayer (nuclear
envelope is okay too).
10. One important organelle that helps maintain homeostasis by moving substances
from 1 part of the cell to another is the endoplasmic reticulum.
11. In a cell, proteins are made on the ribosomes.
12. A cell that requires a lot of energy might contain large numbers of mitochondria.
(Remember: Energy = ATP)
13. The organelles associated with plant photosynthesis are the chloroplasts.
14. Plant cells have a large membrane-bound space in which water, waste products,
and nutrients can be stored. This space is called the vacuole.
15. Chloroplasts similar to mitochondria in that they both contain their own DNA.
16. Structures found in plant cells but not in animal cells include a cell wall, a central
vacuole and chloroplasts.
17. As a result of diffusion, the concentration of many types of substances eventually
becomes balanced across a membrane.
18. Diffusion is the movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an
area of lower concentration.
19. The diffusion of water into or out of a cell is called osmosis.
20. Osmosis is a type of passive transport.
21. Ions move through ion channels by passive transport. P.85, Fig 3.21
22. Ion channel gates close the pores of some ion channels in response to stretching
of the cell membrane, a change in electrical charge or the binding of specific
molecules to the channel.
(Remember: ion channels are proteins)
23. Proteins involved in facilitated diffusion are called carrier proteins.
24. The differences between passive transport and active transport include active
transport requires energy, moves substances up their concentration gradient and
involves carrier proteins. Passive transport moves substances down their
concentration gradient, requires no energy and does not involve carrier proteins.
25. Proteins and polysaccharides that are too large to move into a cell through
diffusion or active transport move through by endocytosis. p.90
26. Ridding the cell of materials by discharging the materials in vesicles is called exocytosis. p.91
27. When signal molecule binds to a receptor protein, the resulting actions may include a change
in permeability of the membrane, formation of a second messenger molecule, catalysis of
chemical reactions in the cell. P.84
28. ATP is called a cell’s “energy currency” because it carries the energy used by cells to do what
it needs to do. ie. It supplies most of the energy that drives metabolism.
29. Removing a phosphate from an ATP molecule causes a release of energy (and the formation
of ADP). P.101
30. The major atmospheric by-product of photosynthesis is oxygen. Hint – Think of the
photosynthesis equation
31. When electrons of a chlorophyll molecule are raised to a higher energy level, they enter the
electron transport chain.
32. The process in which plants capture energy and make organic molecules (like glucose) is
known as photosynthesis.
33. Based on the cycle of photosynthesis and cellular respiration, one can say original source of
energy for all living things on Earth is the sun.
34. The source of oxygen produced during photosynthesis is water. The source of oxygen for the
O2 molecules comes from water (H2O); remember the equation for photosynthesis).
35.
NADPH is important in photosynthesis because it carries high energy electrons that are
needed to produce sugar (organic molecules).
36. Products of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis that are required by the lightindependent (dark) reactions are ATP and NADPH.
37. The light-independent reactions of photosynthesis require ATP and NADPH, generate
sugars(glucose) & are light independent.
38. During photosynthesis, the series of reactions that create the complex carbohydrates needed
for energy and growth is called the Calvin cycle. P.111
39. Chemical energy stored in sugar (food molecules) is released through cellular respiration.
40. When glycolysis occurs, glucose is split, two pyruvates are made and ATP is produced.
Hints: Think of photosynthesis and cellular respiration as being the opposite of each other.