Download THE CELL - Spart5.net

1
THE CELL
TO SEE A CELL
•________________ ___________________ - The first person to see cells, he was looking at
cork and noted that he saw "a great many boxes. (1665)
•________________ _______ ___________________ - Observed living cells in pond water,
which he called "animalcules" (1673)
•________________ ___________________ - zoologist who observed that the tissues of
animals had cells (1839)
•________________ ___________________ - botanist, observed that the tissues of plants
contained cells (1845)
•________________ ___________________ - also reported that every living thing is made of up
vital units, known as cells. He also predicted that cells come from other cells. (1850)
THE CELL THEORY
1. __________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
3. __________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
CELL FEATURES
•________________ - make protein for use by the organism
•________________ - jelly-like goo on the inside of the cell
•________________ - genetic material
•________________ - the internal framework of the cell
•________________ ________________ - outer boundary of the cell that controls what enters or
leaves the cell
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TYPES OF CELLS
•Prokaryotic Cell
•Eukaryotic Cell
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PROKARYOTIC CELLS
•Prokaryotes are very simple cells, probably first to inhabit the earth.
•Prokaryotic cells do not contain a membrane bound nucleus.
•_________________ are prokaryotes.
•DNA of bacteria is ____________________.
•The word "prokaryote" means "before the _________________"
PROKARYOTIC CELLS
•Other features found in some bacteria:
•________________ - used for movement
•________________ - small hair-like structures used for attaching to other cells
•Capsule - tough outer layer that protects bacteria, often associated with harmful bacteria
What organisms are prokaryotic? ___________________________________________
EUKARYOTIC CELLS
•Eukaryotic cells are more ________________ cells.
•These cells are found in plants, animals, and protists (small unicellular "animalcules").
•The eukaryotic cell is composed of 4 main parts:
•________________ ________________ - outer boundary of the cell
•________________ - jelly-like fluid interior of the cell
•________________ - the "control center" of the cell, contains the cell's DNA (chromosomes)
•________________ - "little organs" that carry out cell functions
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What organisms are made of eukaryotic cells? ____________________________________
Use this double bubble map to compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells:
PARTS OF THE EUKARYOTIC CELL
Illustration
Cell Part
Function
Energy center or "powerhouse" of the
cell. Turns food into useable energy
(ATP)
Ribosomes
Processes, packages and secretes
proteins. Like a factory.
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Lysosome
Smooth ER - no ribosomes
Rough ER - ribosomes
Transport, "intracellular highway".
Ribosomes are positioned along the
rough ER, protein made by the
ribosomes enter the ER for transport.
Nucleus and Nucleolus
Stores water or other substances,
plant cells contain a large central
vacuole.
Chloroplast
Provides additional support (plant and
bacteria cells)
Part of the cytoskeleton, function in
support
Also make up cilia and flagella (cell
movement)
Function: to regulate what comes into
the cell and what goes out
Plasma Membrane
Composed of a double layer of
phospholipids and proteins
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Prokaryote Coloring
Prokaryotes cells are the simplest of all the cells. Bacteria are prokaryotes and they fall into two major categories: The Kingdom
Eubacteria and the Kingdom Archaebacteria. Eubacteria are common types that occur all around us, usually in they are, on
surfaces and in the soil. You can only find Archaebacteria in extreme environments, like hot sulfur springs. Archaebacteria are
thought to be some of the oldest life forms on earth.
Most bacteria don't make their own food. That means they have to rely on other organisms to provide them with food. These
bacteria have to break down, or decompose, other living things to obtain energy.
When most people hear the word bacteria, they think of something that is bad for you. In fact, very few bacteria cause illness.
Some bacteria actually help you! Bacteria are used to make food, such as cheese and yogurt, and they can also help us break
down harmful substances in the environment. Scientists created a type of bacteria that could gobble up oil from oil spills. Some
bacteria live inside the guts of animals and help them to digest food.
Unfortunately, there are many types of bacteria that can make us ill. Salmonella bacteria can cause food poisoning, and certain
types of bacteria are responsible for other infections. You might have had some experience with Streptococcus, the bacteria that
causes strep throat.
Bacteria have a very simple cell design. Most of them have a thick outer covering called the cell wall. On the picture, color the
cell wall purple (it’s the outermost layer). Just within the cell wall is the cell membrane. Color the cell membrane pink. Along
the surface of the bacteria cell, you might encounter structures called pilus, whose job is to help the bacteria stick to surfaces.
Color all the pilus light green. Bacteria might also need to move around in their environment, so they can have structures called
flagella, which resemble tails. Find the two flagella pictured and color them dark green. The watery interior of the cell is called
cytoplasm, and it has the texture of jello. Color the cytoplasm light blue. Sprinkled throughout the cell are small roundish
structures called ribosomes. Ribosomes make proteins for the cell. Color all of the ribosomes red. Every prokaryote cell has
DNA floating within the cytoplasm, which usually looks like a twisted strand of spaghetti. DNA contains the instructions for the cell,
basically it is the control center. Find the DNA and color it yellow.
Questions:
1. What bacteria causes strep throat? _________________
2. What are the oldest life forms on earth? ______________________
3. Name two types of bacteria that can make you sick:
____________________________________________
4. What part of the bacteria cell helps it stick to surfaces?
_______________________________________
5. Name two foods that bacteria help make:
_______________________________________
6. What does “decompose” mean?
______________________________________
7. What is the control center of the bacteria cell?
________________________________
8. What part of the bacteria cell helps it move?
_______________________________________
9. Where do Archaebacteria live?
____________________________________
10. To what kingdom do common bacteria belong?
_____________________________________
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Animal Cell Coloring
Directions: Choose a color for each cell part and match the colors.
Cell Membrane (red)
Ribosome (blue)
Nucleoplasm (yellow)
Nucleolus (grey)
Mitochondria (red)
Golgi Apparatus (purple)
Lysosome (pink)
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (green)
Cytoplasm (leave white)
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (orange)
Microtubules (brown)
Nuclear Membrane (dark brown)
On your own paper, define
each:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Mitochondria
Golgi Apparatus
z
Lysosome
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosome
Nucleolus
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Plant Cell Coloring
Directions: Choose a color for each cell part and match the colors.
Cell Membrane (red)
Cell Wall (orange)
Ribosome (dark blue)
Nucleoplasm (yellow)
Nucleolus (grey)
Lysosome (pink)
Mitochondria (red)
Chloroplasts (dark green)
Golgi Apparatus (purple)
Vacuole (light blue)
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (light green)
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (orange)
Analysis
1. Name two things found in a plant cell that are not found in an animal cell
2. How does the shape of a plant cell differ from that of an animal cell?
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REVIEW – THE CELL
1. Review Vocabulary – Use your quizzes and puzzles
2. Know the significance of Hooke & Leeuwenhoek
3. Explain the cell theory
4. Identify the scientists and their roles in the development of the cell theory (historical)
5. What features are common in all cells?
6. Compare and contrast prokaryotes and eukaryotes; give examples of each
7. Identify and label the cell membrane, know the components and functions of the membrane
8. Identify organelles related to both plant and animal cells; be able to describe their functions
9. Create analogies for each component of the cell
10. Compare and contrast plant and animal cells
11. Be able to label components on both a plant and animal cell diagram
The Cell Wordsearch
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CELLWALL | CHLOROPLAST | CYTOPLASM | DIFFUSION
EUKARYOTE | GOLGI | LYSOSOME | MEMBRANE | MICROTUBULE
MITOCHONDRIA | NUCLEOLUS | NUCLEUS | OSMOSIS | PHOSPHOLIPID
PROTEIN | RETICULUM | RIBOSOME | VACUOLE | WATER