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Final spring 2016 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. Avery’s experiments showed that bacteria are transformed by ____ 2. What did Griffith observe when he injected a mixture of heat-killed, disease-causing bacteria and live harmless bacteria into mice? ____ 3. What would Hershey and Chase have concluded if both radioactive 32P and 35S were found in the bacteria in their experiment? Figure 12–1 ____ 4. Figure 12–1 shows the structure of a(an) ____ 5. Which of the following is a nucleotide found in DNA? ____ 6. Because of base pairing in DNA, the percentage of ____ 7. In eukaryotes, DNA ____ 8. During mitosis, the ____ 9. Which of the following include all the others? ____ 10. DNA is copied during a process called ____ 11. DNA replication results in two DNA molecules, ____ 12. During DNA replication, a DNA strand that has the bases CTAGGT produces a strand with the bases ____ 13. RNA contains the sugar ____ 14. Unlike DNA, RNA contains ____ 15. Which of the following are found in both DNA and RNA? ____ 16. How many main types of RNA are there? ____ 17. Which type(s) of RNA is(are) involved in protein synthesis? ____ 18. Which of the following are copied from DNA? ____ 19. What is produced during transcription? ____ 20. During transcription, an RNA molecule is formed ____ 21. Which of the following statements is true? Figure 12–2 ____ 22. What does Figure 12–2 show? ____ 23. How many codons are needed to specify three amino acids? ____ 24. Why is it possible for an amino acid to be specified by more than one kind of codon? ____ 25. What happens during the process of translation? ____ 26. Which of the following terms is LEAST closely related to the others? ____ 27. During translation, the type of amino acid that is added to the growing polypeptide depends on the ____ 28. Genes contain instructions for assembling ____ 29. Which type of RNA functions as a blueprint of the genetic code? ____ 30. Which of the following statements is false? ____ 31. A mutation that involves one or a few nucleotides is called a(an) ____ 32. Which of the following is NOT a gene mutation? ____ 33. Which of the following is NEVER a frameshift mutation? ____ 34. A promoter is a ____ 35. Which of the following statements is true? ____ 36. If a specific kind of protein is not continually used by a cell, the gene for that protein is ____ 37. In E. coli, the lac operon controls the ____ 38. A lac repressor turns off the lac genes by ____ 39. When E. coli is grown on glucose, ____ 40. Which of the following is NOT generally part of a eukaryotic gene? ____ 41. Gene regulation in eukaryotes ____ 42. Specialized cells regulate the expression of genes because they ____ 43. Hox genes determine an animal’s ____ 44. Which of the following statements is false? ____ 45. Hox genes Completion Complete each statement. Figure 12–1 46. The structure labeled X in Figure 12–1 is a(an) ____________________. 47. The Watson and Crick model of DNA is a(an) _________________________, in which two strands are wound around each other. 48. Chromatin contains proteins called ____________________. 49. In RNA, ____________________ and ____________________ are pyrimidines. Figure 12–3 50. In Figure 12–3, A, B, and C are three types of ____________________. 51. During transcription, the _________________________ between base pairs are broken. 52. The order of nitrogenous bases in DNA determines the order of ____________________ in proteins. 53. There is no ____________________ that is specified by a stop codon on an mRNA molecule. 54. The ____________________ of a tRNA molecule determines the type of amino acid that bonds with the tRNA. 55. Suppose that part of an amino acid sequence of a protein changed from tyrosine-proline-glycine-alanine to tyrosine-histidine-glycine-alanine. This change was most likely caused by a point mutation called a(an) ____________________. 56. A point mutation will cause the cell to make an incomplete polypeptide if the mutation results in a(an) ____________________. 57. A typical gene consists of regulatory sites, a(an) ____________________, and the nucleotide sequence that is transcribed. 58. The lac repressor releases the operator in the presence of ____________________. 59. In eukaryotes, proteins that attract RNA polymerase bind to ____________________ sequences in DNA. 60. A mutation in a series of genes called ____________________ can change the organs that develop in specific parts of an embryo. Other USING SCIENCE SKILLS Figure 12–4 61. Inferring From which labeled structure in Figure 12–4 is structure D made? Identify that labeled structure. 62. Interpreting Graphics Identify structure F in Figure 12–4. What does it specify? 63. Interpreting Graphics What is structure E in Figure 12–4? What does it specify? 64. Predicting What would happen to structure F in Figure 12–4 if structure C were deleted? 65. Predicting In Figure 12–4, what effect would the deletion of structure C have on the process that occurs during step Y?