Download topic

TOPIC: Unit 5 – DNA,
Genetics, and Heredity
QUESTIONS/MAIN IDEAS:
Name:
Period:
Date:
5-1 ’s Work
NOTES:
Gregor Mendel crossed pea plants that had
.
and
Plants Most flowers contain both
reproductive structures.
The male structure is called a
.
The female structure is called a
.
moves from a stamen to the stigma of the
plant.
Self-pollination When
to the
Cross-pollination When pollen moves from the stamen of
stigma of
of the same species.
Gregor Mendel crossed
plants that had
.
Crossing Pea Plants
Summarize the steps from illustrations that show how he did this.
Crossing
Plants
Structures of
1.
2.
3.
Gregor Mendel’s Work
Heredity
trait
Ex:
genetics
fertilization
the passing on of
each different
the scientific
when an
from parents to offspring.
of a characteristic.
of
and
.
join.
Do plants have eggs and sperm?!?
Explain.
purebred offspring of many generations that have the
Ex:
Crossing Pea Plants for Height
The P Generation
The F1 Generation
The F2 Generation
Results of a cross
- the
- the
- the
In
.
generation, purebred
and purebred
.
generation, all offspring were
.
generation, about ¾ were
and ¼
.
of Mendel’s crosses, only
form of the trait appeared in the
. However, in the
trait always reappeared in about
Dominant & Recessive Alleles
gene
of the DNA that controls a
allele different
of a gene.
hybrid organism that has
* What is the difference between purebred and hybrid?
dominant allele a trait that
recessive allele a trait that is
, the “
of the plants.
“ form of the
.
for a trait.
if it is present.
if the other allele is present.
Name:
Period:
Date:
TOPIC: Unit 5 – DNA,
Genetics, and Heredity
QUESTIONS/MAIN IDEAS:
NOTES: 5-2 Probability and Heredity
One way you can express a
A percentage (%) is a number
Percentages
is as a percentage.
to
.
Ex:
A Punnett Square a
getting an
What is the trait?
What does “R” represent?
What does “r” represent?
that shows the probability an
has of
from their parents.
Copy the Punnett Square:
Probability and Genetics
Phenotypes and Genotypes
Genotype
Ex:
Phenotype
Ex:
Homozygous
Ex:
Heterozygous
Ex:
Codominance
SUMMARY:
In a
to its
, the allele that each
is based on probability.
will pass on
or allele combinations.
or visible traits.
a genotype with 2
a genotype with 2
the alleles are
alleles.
alleles
or
.
Name:
Period:
Date:
TOPIC: Unit 5 – DNA,
Genetics, and Heredity
QUESTIONS/MAIN IDEAS:
NOTES: 5-3 The Cell and Inheritance
Chromosomes and Inheritance
Sexual Reproduction when genetic material from
combines to produce a
, which differs from both parents.
haploid cell (half-cell) a cell that contains one set of chromosomes.
These are
cells.
diploid cell a cell that contains
of chromosomes, or
,
one from each parent.
These are
cells.
Chromosome pairs
and are distributed to two
Meiosis
cells.
The resulting sex cells (
cells) have only
as many
as the other cells (
cells) in the organism.
(Meiosis is similar to Mitosis, but instead of going through Interphase
in between each cycle, the cell is not allowed to replicate its DNA.)
A Punnett square is actually a way to show the
Punnett Square
that occur at meiosis.
Chromosomes are made up of
joined together
A Lineup of Genes
like beads on a string.
The chromosomes in a pair may have
for some genes and the
allele for others.
_
TOPIC: Unit 5 – DNA,
Genetics, and Heredity
QUESTIONS/MAIN IDEAS:
The DNA Code
How Cells Make Proteins
NOTES: 5-4 Genes, DNA, and Proteins
Chromosomes are made of
Each chromosome contains
The sequence of
that tells the cell what
.
of genes.
in a gene forms a
to
.
During protein
on a
, the cell uses information from a
to produce a specific protein.
RNA a
strand of DNA
messenger RNA (mRNA) a copy of a
of the
_
Allows the code to be
of the nucleus
transfer RNA (tRNA)
the mRNA and brings the correct
any
in a gene or protein.
Mutations
Mutations can cause the organism’s trait, or
to be
from what it normally
to build a protein.
,
.