Download Heredity and Genetics Study Guide

Heredity and Genetics Study Guide
Vocabulary:
Heredity
Self-pollinating
True-breeding
Dominant trait
Recessive trait
Genes
Alleles
Phenotype
Genotype
Probability
Incomplete dominance
Homologous chromosomes
Sex cells
Meiosis
Sex chromosomes
Pedigree
Other concepts to know:
o Know what heredity is.
o Know who Gregor Mendel is, and what he did for the field of genetics.
o Be able to describe Mendel’s First and Second Experiments, including their
results.
o Know what genes and alleles are, and how they are related.
o Know how to express genotypes (i.e. RR, Rr, rr), and the terms
homozygous dominant, heterozygous, and homozygous recessive.
o Know how to use a Punnett Square to determine the possible offspring from
a given cross.
o Know how to determine the genotype and phenotype probabilities resulting
from a given cross.
o Know three exceptions to Mendel’s principles of inheritance.
o Be able to use a Punnett Square to show a cross involving incomplete
dominance.
o Be able to describe the difference between asexual and sexual reproduction.
o Know what sex cells are, and how they are different from normal body
cells.
o Be able to describe the process of meiosis, including the result.
o Know what Walter Sutton contributed to the field of genetics.
o Be able to describe how meiosis is similar to, and different from mitosis.
o Know what sex chromosomes are.
o Be able to describe how a particular organism becomes male or female.
o Know what sex-linked disorders are, and why males are more likely to have
sex-linked disorders.
o Be able to describe what a genetic counselor does.
o Be able to interpret a pedigree.
o Know what selective breeding is, and how humans have used it over the
years.