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Objective: Understand How Vaccination Protects Your Body From Disease?
600 Vaccine, Antigen, Antibody, B Cells, Memory T Cells, Immunity
Key words:
Antibody
concentration
500
1. Point to the place on the line graph when the
antigen A and antigen B are introduced into
the body.
400
2. How many times does the body encounter
the antigen A?
300
3. What is the reaction of the immune system
to antigen A?
200
100
0
4. What are the levels of antibodies A the first
time? And the second time?
5. According to the graph, antigen A and
antigen B infected the body at the same time
around day 28th – 32nd. After that, what are
the levels of antibodies A and B?
6. How do you explain these differences?
7. How is the body response to antigen A and
antigen B similar and different?
8. According to the graph, is the immune
response to antigen A a primary or secondary
response? Explain.
9. Is the immune response to antigen B a primary
or secondary response? Explain.
Objective: Understand How Vaccination Protects Your Body From Disease?
Key words: Vaccine, Antigen, Antibody, B Cells, Memory T Cells, Immunity
How can the immunity be acquired?
The injection of a weakened form of a pathogen,
dead pathogens, or parts of pathogens to produce
immunity is known as vaccination.
The immune system recognizes these pathogens as
antigens, and creates millions of plasma cells ready
to produce specific types of antibodies. In addition,
the immune system produces Memory B Cells.
In the future, when the real virus or bacteria infect
the body, Memory B Cells divide rapidly, forming
new Plasma Cells and making enough amounts of
antibodies to destroy the pathogens. That is why the
body does not get sick.
Objective: Understand How Vaccination Protects Your Body From Disease?
Key words: Vaccine, Antigen, Antibody, B Cells, Memory T Cells, Immunity
How can the immunity be acquired?
In Active Immunity, after exposure to an antigen the
immune system makes its own antibodies. Active
immunity lasts long time.
There are two kinds of active immunity:
• Vaccination: the injection of a weakened form of a
pathogen to produce immunity.
• Fighting an infection: the immune system is
naturally exposed to an antigen.
In Active Immunity, the body is not exposed to an antigen. Antibodies are
received from other organisms. Passive immunity lasts only a short time. There are
two kinds of passive immunity:
• Antibodies produced by other animals against a pathogen are injected into the
bloodstream.
• Antibodies produced by the mother are passed to the fetus during development
across the placenta or in early infancy through breast milk.
Objective: Understand How Vaccination Protects Your Body From Disease?
Key words: Vaccine, Antigen, Antibody, B Cells, Memory T Cells, Immunity
8) Vaccinations play a major role in medicine today. Explain the role of vaccines in
the prevention of disease. Your answer must include at least:
a) a description of the contents of a vaccine
A vaccine contains weakened, altered or dead microbes
b) a description of how a vaccine protects the body from disease
A vaccine stimulates the immune system to react and produce antibodies and
memory B cells.
In the future, the immune system will use memory T cells to make antibodies
faster and in greater amount.
c) one specific reason certain vaccinations are required for students to attend public
schools
•To keep school children protected from a disease
•To prevent the spread of disease
•To prevent an epidemic in school
Objective: Understand How Vaccination Protects Your Body From Disease?
Key words: Vaccine, Antigen, Antibody, B Cells, Memory T Cells, Immunity
d) Identify one part of a research plan that must be followed when developing a new
vaccine.
Compare vaccinated people (experimental group) to non-vaccinated people
(control group), and exposed both groups to same antigen.
e) State one way a child could develop an immunity to a certain disease without being
vaccinated
•
Passive Immunity: Antibodies are received from other organisms.
• Antibodies produced by other animals against a pathogen are injected into
the bloodstream.
•
Antibodies produced by the mother are passed to the fetus during
development across the placenta or in early infancy through breast milk
Objective: Understand How Vaccination Protects Your Body From Disease?
Key words: Vaccine, Antigen, Antibody, B Cells, Memory T Cells, Immunity
Discuss the use of antibiotics and vaccines in the treatment and prevention of
bacterial diseases. In your answer be sure to include:
a) what is in a vaccine
A vaccine contains dead, or weakened microbes or parts of microbes
b) how a vaccine promotes immunity
Exposures to the microbes stimulates production of antibodies and memory cells
c) one advantage of the use of vaccinations to fight bacterial diseases
Usually, you will not get the disease
Or vaccinations provide immunity that lasts a long time
d) one disadvantage of the use of antibiotics to fight bacterial diseases
Certain bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics. Therefore, antibiotics are
useless in fighting off infectious diseases caused by these type of bacteria.
Allergies can be caused by antibiotics
Antibiotics may cause side effects in the body
Objective: Understand How Vaccination Protects Your Body From Disease?
Key words: Vaccine, Antigen, Antibody, B Cells, Memory T Cells, Immunity
Do Now:
• Describe how the inflammatory response is different from the antibody mediated response.
Objective: Understand How Vaccination Protects Your Body From Disease?
Key words: Vaccine, Antigen, Antibody, B Cells, Memory T Cells,
Compare and contrast antigen and antibodies: How do they differ?