
CURRICULUM VITAE William Schaffner, MD
... 2008 Award of Excellence: “Recognition of the Human Rabies Vaccine Shortage Prevention Group Partners and their Outstanding efforts with CDC to avert a shortage of human rabies vaccine”, Partners in Public Health Improvement, External Group, National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-Borne and Enteric Dis ...
... 2008 Award of Excellence: “Recognition of the Human Rabies Vaccine Shortage Prevention Group Partners and their Outstanding efforts with CDC to avert a shortage of human rabies vaccine”, Partners in Public Health Improvement, External Group, National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-Borne and Enteric Dis ...
Antigen-Specific Antibody Glycosylation Is Regulated via
... such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), in protection against [1], and control of HIV [2], influenza [3], Ebola virus [4], and bacterial infections [5]. Earlier work suggests that potent, lo ...
... such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), in protection against [1], and control of HIV [2], influenza [3], Ebola virus [4], and bacterial infections [5]. Earlier work suggests that potent, lo ...
Tubules composed of non-structural protein
... and the diligent use of measles, diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis vaccines have been associated with the dramatic reduction in the incidence of these diseases worldwide. In the case of smallpox, the dream of eradication has been fulfilled. Equally important has been the development in veterinary me ...
... and the diligent use of measles, diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis vaccines have been associated with the dramatic reduction in the incidence of these diseases worldwide. In the case of smallpox, the dream of eradication has been fulfilled. Equally important has been the development in veterinary me ...
The Ever-Changing Landscape of Rotavirus Serotypes
... In 1996 to 1997 and 1997 to 1998 most disease was caused by G1关P8兴, and in 1998 to 1999 G1关P8兴 and G2关P4兴 were each responsible for approximately 50% of infections.6 Rotavirus also exhibits a distinct seasonality, particularly in temperate climates. In the United States, activity usually peaks in th ...
... In 1996 to 1997 and 1997 to 1998 most disease was caused by G1关P8兴, and in 1998 to 1999 G1关P8兴 and G2关P4兴 were each responsible for approximately 50% of infections.6 Rotavirus also exhibits a distinct seasonality, particularly in temperate climates. In the United States, activity usually peaks in th ...
host susceptibility to rotavirus infection and
... (referred to as sialidase-sensitive) (10, 11), while many other animal and human rotaviruses (with common genotypes of P[4], P[6], and P[8]) are sialidaseinsensitive. The sialidase-insensitive strains might recognize internal sialic acid residues (12), but the role of subterminal sialic acid in inf ...
... (referred to as sialidase-sensitive) (10, 11), while many other animal and human rotaviruses (with common genotypes of P[4], P[6], and P[8]) are sialidaseinsensitive. The sialidase-insensitive strains might recognize internal sialic acid residues (12), but the role of subterminal sialic acid in inf ...
The Definition and Measurement of Dangerous Research Alex Greninger CISSM
... could only be discovered after a histological examination of a corpse or biopsy. In the present era, pathogens can be detected in samples via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and an infection can be defined as a threshold amount of DNA present in a tissue after a defined time period. For the purposes ...
... could only be discovered after a histological examination of a corpse or biopsy. In the present era, pathogens can be detected in samples via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and an infection can be defined as a threshold amount of DNA present in a tissue after a defined time period. For the purposes ...
Influenza in the acute hospital setting
... influenza virus cross-infection during an influenza season in paediatric wards and found that patients admitted to wards with a greater proportion of beds in an open area were more likely to acquire nosocomial influenza than those who were admitted to wards with a greater proportion of private beds. ...
... influenza virus cross-infection during an influenza season in paediatric wards and found that patients admitted to wards with a greater proportion of beds in an open area were more likely to acquire nosocomial influenza than those who were admitted to wards with a greater proportion of private beds. ...
Avian Influenza: Armageddon or Hype?
... Patients with pneumonia on CXR, ARDS, or other severe respiratory illness for which an etiology has not been established. ...
... Patients with pneumonia on CXR, ARDS, or other severe respiratory illness for which an etiology has not been established. ...
Avaa tiedosto
... preventive measures and by advising and collaborating with various stakeholders. National vaccine ...
... preventive measures and by advising and collaborating with various stakeholders. National vaccine ...
In immunology, an adjuvant is an agent that may stimulate the
... antigenic effect in itself. The word “adjuvant” comes from the Latin word adiuvare, meaning to help or aid. "An immunologic adjuvant is defined as any substance that acts to accelerate, prolong, or enhance antigen-specific immune responses when used in combination with specific vaccine antigens." Ad ...
... antigenic effect in itself. The word “adjuvant” comes from the Latin word adiuvare, meaning to help or aid. "An immunologic adjuvant is defined as any substance that acts to accelerate, prolong, or enhance antigen-specific immune responses when used in combination with specific vaccine antigens." Ad ...
Detection of antibodies to common antigens of pathogenic and
... meningitidis B, 15P1.16 and N . lactamica gave an absorbance ratio of 1 : 1. Only four sera from children showed no reactivity against the meningococcal strain. These common antigens are likely to be important in vaccine development. Introduction Over the last 3 years, in England and Wales, there ha ...
... meningitidis B, 15P1.16 and N . lactamica gave an absorbance ratio of 1 : 1. Only four sera from children showed no reactivity against the meningococcal strain. These common antigens are likely to be important in vaccine development. Introduction Over the last 3 years, in England and Wales, there ha ...
EFFECTS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS ON GLUCOCORTICOID
... increased risk for influenza, posing a significant health risk to the readiness of military units worldwide (Balicer, Huerta, Levy, Davidovitch, & Grotto, 2005; Earhart, et al., 2001; Makras, Alexiou-Daniel, Antoniadis, & Hatzigeorgiou, 2001). Influenza outbreak rates have been reported as high as 4 ...
... increased risk for influenza, posing a significant health risk to the readiness of military units worldwide (Balicer, Huerta, Levy, Davidovitch, & Grotto, 2005; Earhart, et al., 2001; Makras, Alexiou-Daniel, Antoniadis, & Hatzigeorgiou, 2001). Influenza outbreak rates have been reported as high as 4 ...
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... the selection of improved microbial strains became frequent, as did the manipulation of other microorganisms to obtain products to meet human demands, and as a result, Technological Microbiology has become a science essentially applied to several branches of production, including food, chemical, agr ...
... the selection of improved microbial strains became frequent, as did the manipulation of other microorganisms to obtain products to meet human demands, and as a result, Technological Microbiology has become a science essentially applied to several branches of production, including food, chemical, agr ...
Prolonged suckling period in organic piglet production – Effects on
... The trial was performed from spring 2006 to mid 2007 at the experimental organic farm of the Institute of Organic Farming of the Federal Agricultural Research Centre in Trenthorst, Germany, in accordance with Regulation 2092/91/EEC and the IFOAM Basic Guidelines. A total of 44 sows of the genotype “ ...
... The trial was performed from spring 2006 to mid 2007 at the experimental organic farm of the Institute of Organic Farming of the Federal Agricultural Research Centre in Trenthorst, Germany, in accordance with Regulation 2092/91/EEC and the IFOAM Basic Guidelines. A total of 44 sows of the genotype “ ...
Characterisation of Vibrio anguillarum for the development of
... vibriosis in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) were used in an attempt to combat the disease. However, these vaccines did not provide sufficient protection, possibly because they lacked serotype O2b, which is known to affect cod and to a lesser extent salmonids. Recently, vibriosis vaccines specifica ...
... vibriosis in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) were used in an attempt to combat the disease. However, these vaccines did not provide sufficient protection, possibly because they lacked serotype O2b, which is known to affect cod and to a lesser extent salmonids. Recently, vibriosis vaccines specifica ...
Protective effect of the maternally derived porcine circovirus type 2
... nodes and dyspnoea (Chae, 2004, 2005). Since PCV2 vaccines were introduced onto the world market in 2006, vaccination has become an important tool for controlling PMWS. Several commercial PCV2 vaccines are available in the global market, including an inactivated PCV2 vaccine that has been administer ...
... nodes and dyspnoea (Chae, 2004, 2005). Since PCV2 vaccines were introduced onto the world market in 2006, vaccination has become an important tool for controlling PMWS. Several commercial PCV2 vaccines are available in the global market, including an inactivated PCV2 vaccine that has been administer ...
The Hepatitis B and Delta Viruses - Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
... by Blumberg and Alter. Although it was a peculiar and serendipitous discovery, Blumberg’s previous exploits had enabled the initial experiments to be conducted. In the 1950s, he collected blood samples from several indigenous populations located throughout the world. His goal was to study the inheri ...
... by Blumberg and Alter. Although it was a peculiar and serendipitous discovery, Blumberg’s previous exploits had enabled the initial experiments to be conducted. In the 1950s, he collected blood samples from several indigenous populations located throughout the world. His goal was to study the inheri ...
Prevention and Control of Influenza Recommendations of the Advisory Committee
... Clinical Signs and Symptoms of Influenza Influenza viruses are spread from person-to-person primarily through the coughing and sneezing of infected persons (21). The incubation period for influenza is 1–4 days, with an average of 2 days (24). Adults and children typically are infectious from the day ...
... Clinical Signs and Symptoms of Influenza Influenza viruses are spread from person-to-person primarily through the coughing and sneezing of infected persons (21). The incubation period for influenza is 1–4 days, with an average of 2 days (24). Adults and children typically are infectious from the day ...
Title: A longitudinal study of BCG vaccination: dynamics
... disease outcome later in life [9,10] or for responses to vaccination at infancy [11]. ...
... disease outcome later in life [9,10] or for responses to vaccination at infancy [11]. ...
Bordetella pertussis evolution in the (functional
... and Maskell 2004). Wider analysis of the expansion of IS elements in niche-restricted bacteria point towards the specialization of human-specific bacterial pathogens occurring during the Neolithic period (approximately 10 000 years ago) due to the advent of agriculture creating stable and larger hum ...
... and Maskell 2004). Wider analysis of the expansion of IS elements in niche-restricted bacteria point towards the specialization of human-specific bacterial pathogens occurring during the Neolithic period (approximately 10 000 years ago) due to the advent of agriculture creating stable and larger hum ...
Generic protocol for population-based surveillance of Haemophilus
... The WHO Global Programme for Vaccines and Immunization (GPV) has had a longstanding interest in vaccines against Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). The Expanded Programme on Immunization (part of GPV) reviewed information on Hib vaccines jointly with the WHO Programme for Acute Respiratory Infecti ...
... The WHO Global Programme for Vaccines and Immunization (GPV) has had a longstanding interest in vaccines against Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). The Expanded Programme on Immunization (part of GPV) reviewed information on Hib vaccines jointly with the WHO Programme for Acute Respiratory Infecti ...
A - Personal.psu.edu
... the scientific community due to its ramifications on human health. The disease caused by B. pertussis, whooping cough, is an acute, severe coughing illness that can progress to become spasmodic. Extreme cases may lead to regurgitation, convulsions, collapse, coma, and death (3). A closely related me ...
... the scientific community due to its ramifications on human health. The disease caused by B. pertussis, whooping cough, is an acute, severe coughing illness that can progress to become spasmodic. Extreme cases may lead to regurgitation, convulsions, collapse, coma, and death (3). A closely related me ...
Protein aggregation complicates the development of baculovirus-expressed African horsesickness
... subsequent attempts to prepare another AHSV5 vaccine strain by traditional attenuation procedures have not yet been successful. A serious problem encountered with preparing new vaccine strains nowadays is that, over time, passaging of Vera cells seems to have resulted in cells that no longer exhibit ...
... subsequent attempts to prepare another AHSV5 vaccine strain by traditional attenuation procedures have not yet been successful. A serious problem encountered with preparing new vaccine strains nowadays is that, over time, passaging of Vera cells seems to have resulted in cells that no longer exhibit ...
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis: microbiology, biochemical
... Nocardia and Rhodococcus [46, 87, 100, 102]. These gram-positive bacteria (Corynebacterium, Mycobacterium, Nocardia and Rhodococcus species), termed the CMN group, constitute a very heterogeneous group; however, most of the species share particular characteristics, such as: (i) a specific cell wall ...
... Nocardia and Rhodococcus [46, 87, 100, 102]. These gram-positive bacteria (Corynebacterium, Mycobacterium, Nocardia and Rhodococcus species), termed the CMN group, constitute a very heterogeneous group; however, most of the species share particular characteristics, such as: (i) a specific cell wall ...
Vaccine

A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease. A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing micro-organism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins or one of its surface proteins. The agent stimulates the body's immune system to recognize the agent as a threat, destroy it, and keep a record of it, so that the immune system can more easily recognize and destroy any of these micro-organisms that it later encounters.The administration of vaccines is called vaccination. The effectiveness of vaccination has been widely studied and verified; for example, the influenza vaccine, the HPV vaccine, and the chicken pox vaccine. Vaccination is the most effective method of preventing infectious diseases; widespread immunity due to vaccination is largely responsible for the worldwide eradication of smallpox and the restriction of diseases such as polio, measles, and tetanus from much of the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that licensed vaccines are currently available to prevent or contribute to the prevention and control of twenty-five infections.Vaccines can be prophylactic (example: to prevent or ameliorate the effects of a future infection by any natural or ""wild"" pathogen), or therapeutic (e.g., vaccines against cancer are also being investigated; see cancer vaccine).The terms vaccine and vaccination are derived from Variolae vaccinae (smallpox of the cow), the term devised by Edward Jenner to denote cowpox. He used it in 1798 in the long title of his Inquiry into the...Variolae vaccinae...known...[as]...the Cow Pox, in which he described the protective effect of cowpox against smallpox. In 1881, to honour Jenner, Louis Pasteur proposed that the terms should be extended to cover the new protective inoculations then being developed.