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PSYC 2201 Introduction to the Discipline of Psychology Chapter 1 Outline for Weiten (2005) Bill Hill Kennesaw State University Historical Perspectives • Origins arise from Philosophy & Physiology • Birth year 1879 • Structuralism (Wilhelm Wundt) • Functionalism (William James) “Historical,” Yet Current Perspectives • Behaviorism – Ivan Pavlov – J. B. Watson – B. F. Skinner • Psychoanalytical Theory – Freud – Erikson – Jung “Historical,” Yet Current Perspectives • Humanistic Y – Maslow – Rogers Why did Bill Clinton jeopardize his political career by having a fling with Monica Lewinsky? How would • a behaviorist explain this behavior? • a psychoanalytic psychologist explain this behavior? • a humanistic psychologist explain this behavior? The Return to Our Roots • Cognitive Revolution (or William James rises from the dead) • Physiological/Biological Psychology Recent Perspectives • Diversity – Psychology of Women – International (Cross-Cultural) Psychology – Ethnic Psychology • Evolutionary Psychology Dr. Branford believes that to truly understand emotional responses we must understand what purpose emotional responses serve. Dr. Branford's views most closely mirror those of a. the structuralist approach b. the behavioral approach c. the functionalist approach d. the humanistic approach The school of thought which emphasizes the unique qualities of humans and their potential for personal growth is a. Psychoanalysis b. humanism c. functionalism d. behaviorism Recent research trends in psychology involve two areas largely ignored by early behaviorists. These two areas are a. observable and measurable responses b. cognition (thinking) and physiological processes c. classical and operant conditioning d. the effect of environmental events and the behavior of lower animals The notion that unconscious motivations can influence our overt behavior is most consistent with the views of a. Carl Rogers b. Wilhelm Wundt c. B. F. Skinner d. Sigmund Freud Which of the following do behaviorism and psychoanalytic theory have in common? a. an emphasis on the role of sexuality in behavior b. a resistance to the use of animal subjects in psychological research c. the notion that unconscious motives have a major influence on behavior d. the implication that people are not masters of their own destinies List 5 traits or characteristics that are typical of a scientist. List 5 traits or characteristics that are typical of a psychologist. A Definition scientific study of behavior and how it is affected by an organism's biological state, mental state, and external environment and the application of its scientific understanding to practical problems Y’s Main Goals • • • • Describe Understand/Explain Predict Change or Modify Y vs. Other Social Sciences • Lab Research • Individual Focus • Biological Foundation Major Research Areas in Y • • • • • • • Developmental Social Physiological Cognitive Personality Psychometrics Experimental Professional Specialties • Academic – Teaching – Research • Applied & Theoretical Researchers • Applied Psychologists – – – – Clinical Counseling Industrial-Organizational Educational & School One of the key changes that has occurred in psychology over time is that most psychologists have gone from being specialists to being generalists. a. True b. False Which of the following would be LEAST likely to be studied by a cognitive psychologist? a. how we remember things b. the development of language c. shaping behavior by reinforcement d. how people reason to solve problems The most widely practiced professional specialty in psychology is a. clinical psychology b. experimental psychology c. educational and school psychology d. industrial/organizational psychology A psychologist who was the director of a large human resources department would most likely have a background in a. clinical psychology b. experimental psychology c. educational and school psychology d. industrial/organizational psychology You meet a psychologist at a party who tells you that she is employed by the Educational Testing Service to assist in the development of test items for an upcoming new intelligence test. She most likely has a background in a. clinical psychology b. experimental psychology c. psychometrics d. developmental psychology Weiten’s 7 Key Themes Psychology’s Subject Matter • Behavior is Determined by Multiple Causes • Behavior is Shaped by One’s Cultural Heritage • Heredity & Environment Jointly Influence Behavior • Human Experience is Highly Subjective Weiten’s 7 Key Themes Psychology as a Field of Study • Psychology is Empirical • Psychology is Theoretically Diverse • Psychology Evolves in a Sociohistorical Context