Download Egypt Addressing Climate Change

Egypt Addressing
Climate Change
Climate Change Central Department, EEAA
Egypt Addressing Climate Change
Egypt ratified UNFCCC in Dec.1994, Kyoto Protocol
in Jan. 2005 established Egyptian (DNA-CDM);
consisting of (EB-CDM) and (EC-CDM).
Egypt participates in climate change conferences ,
workshops and related activities, besides fulfilling its
obligations under the Convention.
Egypt Addressing Climate Change (cont.)
 Implemented
and
submitted
the
Initial
National
Communication in 1999, And the Second National
communication in 2010 that include inventory for Greenhouse
Gases and developing National Action Plan for Climate
Change ,now preparing the Third National communication .
 Proposing idea of establishing a national or regional center for
climate change researches
Climate Change Impacts on Egypt
Despite the very low GHG emissions ( 0.6%), Egypt is one of the highly
vulnerable countries to climate change and the most vulnerable one in
the Mediterranean region.
Adverse Impacts of Climate Change on Egypt
• Sea level Rise: in the North Coast and the Delta.
• Decrease in Crop Productivity.
•Desertification: Including North West coastal areas and Northern areas of
Sinai, the fertile land of Upper Egypt, the Delta, Oases of the Western Desert
and Southern Remote Desert Areas.
•Unexpected changes in water inflow due to the change in the rain
pattern,
• Deficit of water resources
• Deterioration of Biodiversity
• Coral reefs bleaching
• Affecting tourism & tourist areas
• Public Health will be affected
Climate Change Risks
Coastal zones, Nile Delta are inundation prone by SLR .
Agricultural productivity will be negatively affected.
Human health at risk .
Impacts on tourism sector; coral reefs bleaching.
Water resources subjected to risk.
Housing and roads also will be impacted.
Egypt seeks help and support to adapt to and mitigate the
impact of climate change.
Egyptian Needs for Adaptation
Among 10 countries, Egypt has been selected by the
UNFCCC to submit its National Environmental, Economic and
Development Study (NEEDS) repot, which covers an
assessment for the needs of agriculture sector and coastal zone
under adaptation, while it covers the needs of industry and
energy sectors under mitigation.
Necessity to focus on Adaptation in Egypt.
Urgent need to find fund to provide Technology, Finance and
Capacity Building of Adaptation measures in Egypt.
The implementation of national communications requires
significantly increased financial support.
Use of mathematical models that predict risks on threatened
sectors.
Egyptian Needs for Adaptation (2)
Identify adaptation options to cope with the impacts of CC
that GOE needs to protect the vulnerable areas and identify
needed adaptation policies .
have prioritized plan to address CC risks and disaster
reduction in Egypt
Capacity building to vulnerability assessment to evaluate
costs of adaptation activities.
Egypt believes that issue of technology transfer is important
especially supportive technology that increase adaptive
capacity:
To protect the north coast and coastal area of the Nile
Delta,
crops tolerant to increasing temperature ,soil salinization
and water stress
Livestock tolerant to high temp.
Adaptation Activities
A National Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change is
being developed
Conducted projects for Tec. NEEDs and Financial
Assessment to address CC.
Climate Change Risk Management Program (CCRMP) a
national program aimed to apply the principles of
adaptation and mitigation to climate change impacts and
to assist Egypt in the climate change matters. (Spain)
Climate change and human mobility project aims
to study the various dimensions of internal and external
migration and the impact of climate change on migration
in the countries of the Middle East (AFD)
Assessment and Strategy Development to respond to the
impacts of sea-level rise on human mobility in Egypt
(IOM)
Mitigation Activities
Conducted National Strategy for Clean Development
Mechanism (CDM) in 2002 followed by Capacity
Development Project in CDM (2003-2006).
Established Egyptian DNA for CDM in 2005, Approved
94 projects in RE,EE, Industrial processes, fuel switching,
Solid Waste and Affroestation.
Total investment cost $5.04 Billions, total GHG
reduction 11 mmtCO2/year.
Implementing programs for fuel switching to natural gas
in energy, industrial and transport sectors.
Established of Energy Supreme Council.
Cooperation with Line Ministries
Ministry of Electricity and Energy: establishment of
several projects in field of New and Renewable
Energy (Wind - Solar - Hydro - Bio), and
encouraging Energy Efficiency Projects.
Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation:
Implementing projects for shore protection
(Egyptian Public Authority for Shore Protection),
establishment of specialized research centers in
cooperation with development partners.
Agriculture Research Center: carrying out some
researches about the impacts of climate change on
crops productivity and adoption of more heattolerant cultivars
Egyptian View in Climate Change Issue
Adaptation is a first priority.
Urgent Need to establish Multilateral Fund under the
Convention to provide Technology, Finance and
Capacity Building of Adaptation &Mitigation
measures in Developing Countries.
Egypt accepts undertaking National Appropriate
Mitigation Actions by Developing Countries in the
context of NSDP conditioned with providing
Technology Transfer, Finance & Capacity Building.
Necessity to focus on Adaptation in Egypt as the
most Vulnerable Country in Mediterranean region.
Egypt Position related to climate change
• There are commitments on developed countries
towards developing countries: GHGs emissions
reduction, technology transfer, adaptation finance,
research and observation systems, addressing adverse
impacts , response measures and compensate
developing countries for climate adverse impacts.
• Egypt believes that the developed countries should
fulfill their obligations towards developing countries.
• Reject negotiations that would lead to any
commitment on developing countries.
Egypt Position related to climate change (cont.)
Egypt concerns the slow progress of the AWG-KP in
completing essential tasks of its work program.
Egypt realizes that balance between two negotiating
tracks, i.e. AWG-LCA and AWG-KP, is respected
and the balance within each track is maintained.
Egypt welcomes the continuation of negotiations
with developed countries for future commitments
post 2012.
Egypt believes that issue of technology transfer is
important.
The implementation of national communications
requires significantly increased financial support.
Aspects of cooperation between Egypt
& other countries
Need to establish National/Regional Research Center for
CC and national Center of Excellence for CC information.
Need for regional cooperation between north and south.
Need to have regional plan to address CC risks and disaster
reduction.
Need to increase national capacity to evaluate the costs of
adaptation activities.
Developing the National Strategy for Low-Carbon
Economy.
Developing performance in field of CDM to attract
international investments.
Adaptation Projects
Climate Change Risk Management Program CCRMP:
A national program aimed to apply the principles of adaptation and
mitigation to climate change impacts and to assist Egypt in the climate
change matters.
It is supported by the Spanish Development Fund, and includes
many ministries and sectors (Ministry of: Irrigation and Water Resources,
Agriculture, Environment, International Cooperation and Foreign Affairs)
The program consists of four components;




the Supreme Council for Energy seeks to support the Supreme Council of Energy in
the areas of renewable energy and energy efficiency,
The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) to promote and encourage the use of the
mechanism to add economic benefit of new investment projects,
Forecasting and Integrated Water Resources Management to develop scenarios of the
climate change implications and to include it in the National Integrated Water
Resources Management plans,
Adaptation component of the agricultural sector, to develop crops which have ability
to adapt to extreme climatic conditions, lack of water, soil salinity and
high temperatures.
Adaptation Projects (2)
Climate Change and Human Mobility Project
The project aims to study the various dimensions of internal and external
migration and the impact of climate change on migration in the countries of the
Middle East. Five countries have been selected for the project (Egypt, Algeria,
Yemen, Morocco, Syria). Two Egyptian governorates have been chosen for
studying; Dakahlia and Sharkeia.
The project is supported by the French Agency for Development and in
partnership with the Institute for Environment and Human Security of
the United Nations University and the World Bank.
Adaptation Projects (3)
Assessment and Strategy Development to Respond to the
Impacts of Sea-level Rise on Human Mobility in Egypt
The project aims to make a number of rapid assessments to develop an
understanding of the effects and potential consequences of sea level
rise on the issues of migration and human security in low lying coastal
areas in the Nile Delta and on some coastal cities in Egypt.
This project is implemented by the International Organization
for Migration (IOM) in cooperation with the Ministry of Manpower and
Immigration, the Ministry of Environment, the Coastal Researches
Institute and number of non-governmental partners.
Three local communities have been selected in Alexandria (model can
be applied) for the study which are: Abu Qir Bay – the East Port the Max area, these communities will be affected by sea level
rise and have high population, also they are similar in the economic,
social conditions and livelihoods (agriculture and fishing).
Adaptation Projects (4)
Climate change Adaptation and Natural Disaster Preparedness in
the Coastal Cities of North Africa (Alexandria)
The project aims to assess risk and determine the expected impacts of climate
change and natural disaster risks through data and information collection in
some coastal cities and in collaboration with the World Bank and the Arab
Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport.
Alexandria has been selected from Egypt and Tunisia in Tunis,
Casablanca, Bouregreg Valley in Morocco. The first phase of the project has
been implemented which included the assessment of the weaknesses in
Alexandria and the expected impacts of climate change and the risks
of natural disasters.
The data has been analyzed to assess the expected effects of climate change
on the city by the year 2030.
The second phase of the project is ongoing; an action plan for adaptation to
growing climate change impacts would be designed for Alexandria in order to
be able to deal with natural disasters when they occur.
Proposed projects:
 Development of an Integrated water and land-use strategies for
policy-making, tools for sustainable development in the context
of climate variability and change
 Enhance knowledge, skills and qualifications for key Egyptian
stakeholders
 Increase the resilience of rural communities through appropriate
adaptive land/water management practices and livelihood
strategies
Next Steps
Developing CC National Strategy including NAPA and
National Low Carbon Economy plan
Establish strong information dissemination system and
network for CC and impacts on different sectors.
Pay more attention to research studies and pilot projects
that cover CC socio economics aspects and ready for
cooperation and knowledge transfer with other countries.
Extending Adaptation activities to include:





adaptation planning
evaluation of adaptation economic
community based adaptation
increase public awareness campaigns
use of mathematical models that predict risks of impacts for
vulnered sectors.
The Arab Republic of Egypt
Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency
Climate Change Central Department
[email protected]
www.eeaa.gov.eg