Download Thalassaemia

hybrid
Loss of hybrid vigor
resulting from
inbreeding
R Plasmid
- self replicating
- with genes for
antibiotic
resistance
Main circular DNA
The bacterium is broken to release its
plasmids
Isolate the plasmids by
centrifugation
Restriction enzyme
added
Antibiotic 2
Antibiotic 1
With genes for resistance of ...
Restriction enzyme makes a staggered
cut at specific base sequence on plasmid
TTGA
AACT
The cut is made within
the gene for antibiotic 2
resistance
Cut with the same
restriction enzyme
TTGA
Chromosome with the
required gene
AACT
Ligase is added
to anneal two
pieces of DNA
The foreign gene
is
now incorporated into
the plasmid
Another bacterium is
induced to take up the
plasmid
How can we distinguish those
bacteria which have taken up the
plasmid from those haven’t ?
culture the bacteria on a medium
containing antibiotics 1 and 2
Culture the bacteria on agar with
antibiotic 1
B
A
C
F
D
E
Colonies of bacteria which have taken up
the antibiotic 1 resistance gene
Filter paper press
on the agar to
produce replica
The filter paper press on
another agar with both
antibiotics 1 and 2
Result :
Colony E is missing. That is
bacteria in this colony have
no resistance to antibiotic 2
B
A
F
C
D
B
A
C
F
D
E
Bacteria in colony E
have the required
gene . Bacteria in
colony E is culture
for the gene product.
Regulator gene
operator gene
structural gene
No lactose supplied
When lactose supplied
Repressor detached from the operator gene
transcription occurs to produce enzyme ( the
structural gene is turned on )
Thalassaemia
Incomplete Dominance
What is Thalassaemia ?
Legend
The Chances
of a Child
Inheriting the
Disease
Person with no Thalassaemia
Person with Thalassaemia minor
Person with Thalassaemia major
Ethnic Groups
More common countries:
•Cyprus
•Greece
•Italy
•Turkey
•Malta
•Egypt
•Lebanon
•people from the Middle East
•Indian sub-continents
•South East Asia
Current options
for Treatment of
Thalassaemia
as
well as the
Future options
Issues that arise from the disease
Current Issues :
•abortion
•blood transfusions
•counseling
•drug therapy
•testing
Future Issues:
Bone Marrow Therapy
Gene Therapy