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Genetic Engineering Major Techniques • PCR – • Polymerase Chain Reaction • Restriction Endonucleases and Gel Electrophoresis • DNA Profiling/DNA Fingerprinting • Gene Transfer: Transformation Polymerase Chain Reaction • Used to make millions of copies of select section of DNA • When small amount of DNA are found but large amounts are needed for analysis • Semen, blood, other tissues, long-dead specimens – DNA from all can be amplified • Thermus aquaticus – hot springs bacterium • http://www.dnalc.org/ddnalc.org/resources/pcr.ht ml Gel Electrophoresis • Separate DNA, proteins or other molecules based on charge and size DNA Profiling/Fingerprinting DNA Profiling Uses • CSI • Paternity • CDC – epidemiology: disease transmission • Geneology • Breeding authenticity • Who did it? Gene Transfer and GMOs Organisms that have had genes transferred into them from a different species are GMOs or Transgenic Orgs. Pros and Cons of GMOs • Be able to explain the + and – of Bt maize. • At least 2 arguments for each case Animal/Plant Cloning • Plants = easy….from parts. Animals = difficult • Procedure: Therapeutic Cloning • Be able to argue for and against TC with at least two points in each case • Be able to summarize the aims, outcome (to date) and benefits of the Human Genome Project (THGP)