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Mark scheme for essay: What are PCR and gel electrophoresis and how are they used in the process of DNA profiling? Content Explain the procedures Students must explain the procedure for PCR 2 marks and for gel electrophoresis 2 marks Explain what the procedures actually do Students must have explained that PCR is used to increase the amount of copies of DNA so that it is easier to test, and, that gel electrophoresis is a way of separating out cut pieces of DNA in order to identify specific genes using gene probes Explain DNA profiling and what it is for Explain the process of constructing a DNA profile incorporating PCR and gel electrophoresis Explain gene probes and what they are for Explain restriction enzymes and what they are used for Explained how the techniques are used in the process of DNA profiling 4 4 2 2 2 2 Structure & Style Student needs to have a good structure to the report. Explain how antibiotics and antibiotic resistance work and then use this to support information on infection control Student needs good use of scientific terminology and to show understanding for the wording that they use. They also need to spell these terms correctly consistently. Grammar also needs to be of good standard. Species names in italics. -1 mark if not in italics Student has a clear, good structure to the essay 5 Student has an adequate structure to the essay 3 Student has poor structure to the essay 1 Good use of scientific terminology, good spelling and good grammar, Adequate terminology, spelling and grammar Poor terminology, spelling and grammar 5 3 1 Referencing Students need to have used a variety of sources showing that they have read around the subject. References need to be linked into text and all pictures need to be referenced as well Students need to evaluate the quality of the sources that they have used. They need to assess the reliability of the information that they have researched and decide whether their evidence is supported. Total content /16 A* = 37 Total Structure & style /10 A = 33 B = 29 Student has used a variety of sources including books and websites, at least 4 Student has used a variety of 1 type of source (i.e. only websites or only books), at least 4 Student has used only a few sources (1 or 2) All references linked into text either as footnotes or numbering relating to bibliography. All pictures referenced Some references linked into text, some cut and pasting. Not all pictures referenced No linking references in text although bibliography present. No referencing of pictures Student has evaluated at least 3 of their sources clearly and evaluated for reliability with reasons! Student has evaluated 1 or 2 of their sources with reasons An effort has been made to evaluate sources however no reason Total referencing Total /15 /41 C = 25 D = 21 E = 16 5 3 1 5 3 1 5 3 1