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Biotechnology
& Genomics
DNA Cloning
 Producing
means.
identical copies through asexual
Uses:
 determine genetic
 research
differences
purposes
 ex – disease mechanism, industrial uses
 genetic modification or organisms or gene
therapy
 genetic testing / crime investigation , forensics
Recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology

Vector + foreign DNA
ex. Plasmid
 Necessary to make
rDNA
restriction enzyme = sticky
ends cats specifically
DNA Ligase
•
PCR, process that uses
DNA polymerase
DNA Analysis

DNA fingerprinting
• Cut DNAunique band pattern

Electrophoresis – used to separate DNA by size for
analysis

RNA , Protein
DNA Fingerprinting & Paternity
** uses electrophoresis to move
charged molecules through a matrix
Biotechnology Products
–
some made by genetic engineering
Products of genetics modification
procedures
A – Transgenic bacteria uses
Medicines, hormones, vaccines, agriculture, industry
to clean waste
B – Transgenic plants
Assist agriculture, make products
C – Transgenic animals
Transform egg cells – larger / more productive
animals
D – Stem cell research
Medicinal uses
Transgenic
Mammals
Genomic Differences Between
Chimps & Humans
Genomics – study of genes
Human genome project = 25,000 coding genes
Comparing genomes = much similarity;
therefore, possible uniqueness is caused by the
regulation of our genes
how our bodies function, how to prevent
diseases, what makes different species
unique, and even how life evolved on
earth.
Hap Map project
 A HapMap
is a catalog common sequence
differences that occur in a species


The goal of the project is to link haplotypes to
risk for specific illnesses
May lead to new methods of preventing,
diagnosing, and treating disease
Epigenetics –
DNA packaging causing expression
or no expression of genes depends
on the environmental factors one is
exposed to.
Genetic profile
the human genotype of a person
To help disease risk factors.
Proteomics
Study of proteins
Structure & function of proteins to design drugs
Bioinformatics
 Using
computers to study the genome
Gene Therapy
Inserting genetic material into human cells for
the treatment of a disorder.
Ex Vivo
Children with Severe Combined
Immunodeficiency
Bone Marrow Stem Cells
In Vivo
Cystic Fibrosis
Nasal / Respiratory Spray
Gene Therapy
HowStuffWorks Videos "Through the Lens: Gene Therapy"
HowStuffWorks Videos "The Power of Genes: Gene Therapy"

Study Question
A plasmid Yip5 is cut:
Two linear fragments of 942 and 4,599 base pairs
(5,541 - 942 = 4,599). EcoRI and EagI
 Two linear fragments of 2,003 (2,035 - 32) and
3,538 (5,541 - 2,003) base pairs. HindIII and ApaI
 Three linear fragments of 2,003, 2,881 (4,916 2,035), and 657 [5,541 - (2,003 + 2,881)l base
pairs. HindIII, ApaI, and PvuI
 The 942-base-pair fragment & The 4,599-base-pair
fragment would be cleaved into two fragments of
2,305 (3,247 - 942) and 2,294 (4,599 - 2,305) giving
3 total fragments. EcoRI and EagI,PvuII
Construct the plasmid
More Study Questions
 PCR
makes gene cloning possible
because it enables lab technicians to do
what very quickly?
 If a plasmid is cut with a restriction
enzyme 3 times how many linear
fragments will it produce?
 How will they be arranged on an
electrophoresis gel?
But wait, there’s more!!

Explain what recombinant DNA is:
 If a specific DNA code is removed from a
bacteria and placed into another bacteria what is
this process called?
 Why are restriction enzymes generally used in a
lab?
 Dinosaur DNA has been found in very few
fossils, scientists want to compare the dino DNA
to DNA of reptiles, what technique will they use
to increase the amount of dino DNA?
Complete the table
Technique / tool
Use
DNA polymerase
Separation of DNA
fragments
DNA ligase
Restriction enzyme
[restriction endonuclease]
Production of cDNA from
mRNA
The Last One!!
 Explain
how a gene from humans can be
cloned and produced in yeast, [what
process is similar]