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Genetics I DNA Genetics II Evolution II Evolution I Technology 100 100 100 100 100 200 200 200 200 200 300 300 300 300 300 400 400 400 400 400 500 500 500 500 500 The passing of traits from parents to offspring HEREDITY Having two dominant alleles for a trait HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT An organism’s genetic make up constitutes this GENOTYPE Mendel’s finding that the alleles of a gene separate from each other during meiosis Law of Segregation Mendel’s finding that the inheritance of one trait had no effect on the inheritance of another trait Law of Independent Assortment The X and Y chromosomes are also known as this SEX CHROMOSOMES A trait found on the X chromosome is said to be this SEX-LINKED Phenomenon that occurs when the dominant allele is not completely dominant over the recessive allele. INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE Phenomenon where two alleles are both dominant – seen in Type AB blood CODOMINANCE Phenomenon where more than one pair of alleles codes for one particular trait (Ex/Hair color & skin color) POLYGENIC TRAIT An organisms complete collection of genes is called its? GENOME What is this a picture of? DNA FINGERPRINT Enzymes that cut DNA molecules at specific sequences RESTRICTION ENZYMES Small, circular pieces of bacterial DNA that replicate when the bacterial cell replicates. Often used in genetic engineering experiments. PLASMIDS A piece of DNA that has been created by “gluing” together DNA from two different sources RECOMBINANT DNA Darwin developed his Theory of Evolution after visiting this place GALAPAGOS ISLANDS Process by which populations become better suited to their environments ADAPTATION The ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment FITNESS Structures that have similar anatomical structure but different functions HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES Structures which seem to have no current function in an organism (but did in an ancestor) VESTIGIAL STRUCTURE All of the genes in a population of organisms GENE POOL Members of a population that can mate and produce fertile offspring define this A SPECIES Separation of members of a population by some physical barrier (like a river) GEOGRAPHIC ISOLATION When allele frequencies remain stable from one generation to the next GENETIC EQUILIBRIUM When selection favors intermediate phenotypes STABILIZING SELECTION