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UNDERSTANDING DNA MOLECULE OF HEREDITY Biology 11th Grade By Patricia Mbugua OBJECTIVES Students will identify the DNA molecule and understand its function as a molecule of heredity Students will be able to identify and name the function of the DNA bases, sugar, and phosphate Structure of DNA The letters DNA stand for DeoxyriboNucleic Acid The basic unit used to make a strand of DNA is called a nucleotide A single nucleotide consists of a sugar molecule, a phosphate group, and a base Video on the Function of the DNA Click on this website to view a video on the DNA as a molecule of heredity http://genetics.gsk.com/flash_dna_actual.htm STRUCTURE OF THE NUCLEOTIDE The nucleotide is held together by a backbone made of sugars and phosphate group The backbone carries four types of molecules called bases It is the sequence of these four bases that encodes information The main job of the DNA is to encode the sequence of amino acids residues BASES The DNA’s strands twist forming a double helix shape The DNA double helix is stabilized by hydrogen bonds between the bases attached to two strands The four bases found in DNA are Adenine-A, Cytosine – C, Guanine-G, Thymine-T BASE PAIRING Each type of the base on one strand forms a bond with just one type of base on the other strand This is called complementary base pairing Adenine bonds only with Thymine A-T Cytosine bonds only with guanine C-G How the code works A stretch of DNA could be AATGACCATThis would code for a different gene than a stretch that reads GGGCCATAG This four bases have endless combinations just like the letters of the alphabet can combine to make different words What did we learn? QUIZ Click on the DNA molecule A B RIGHT WELLDONE NEXT Click the base that pairs with Adenine Guanine Thymine You missed it OOPS WRONG ANSWER BACK Excellent Good Job Remember to continue working On the DNA molecule! Credit References: http://genetics.gsk.com/flash_dna_actual.htm http://www.biologycorner.com/worksheets/DNAcoloring.html http://school.discovery.com/quizzes6/muskopf/dna.html WRONG TRY AGAIN BACK