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DNA to Protein Chapter 10 A Problem to Think About… • DNA is in the nucleus • The ribosome (protein factory) is in the cytoplasm • How do you get the DNA information to the ribosome? The Process Figure 1 from textbook Types of RNA involved • mRNA- “messenger RNA”- takes message of DNA out of nucleus to ribosome • rRNA- “ribosomal RNA”. This is what ribosomes are made of • tRNA- “transfer RNA”. Pairs with mRNA and transfers the amino acids over to build a protein Transcription- DNA to mRNA • A “scribe” writes down information for someone else • mRNA = “messenger” RNA • The mRNA “writes down” the DNA information and carries its “message” to the ribosomes • mRNA has Uracil instead of Thymine Translation: mRNA to protein • mRNA is “read” by the ribosomes in codons (3 bases) at a time • tRNA pairs with mRNA codons and amino acid group is transferred and attached to the one before it. This builds a protein. • Use your codon chart to see what mRNA codon “codes” for what amino acid. • Protein chain continues to lengthen until a “STOP” codon is reached. Practice- #1 DNA (original): mRNA: UAGAUGUGACUC tRNA: AUCUACACUGAG Amino Acids: Pg. 211 ATCTACACTGAG Isoleucine Tyrosine Threonine Glutamic Practice- #2 DNA (original): G T A G C T G G A A G T mRNA: CAUCGACCUUCA tRNA: G UA G C U G GAA G U Amino Acids: Pg. 211 Histidine Arginine Proline Serine Practice- #3 DNA (original): A A G A C C A C G A C T mRNA: UUCUGGUGCUGA tRNA: AA G A C C A C G A C U Amino Acids: Pg. 211 Phenylalanine Tryptophan Cysteine Stop Things to think About & Discuss 1. What if a mutation occurs in the DNA? Explain how could that affect the organism’s protein? 2. What if a mutation occurs in 3rd base of the codon? Will it always code for a different amino acid? Explain. Which is Worse? 1. Explain which is worse- a mutation in the DNA or a mutation in the mRNA? 2. Explain which is worse- a point mutation or a frameshift mutation- and why?