Download Explain the steps in protein synthesis.

Protein Synthesis
Protein Synthesis
• Synthesis= the process of building or
making
• DNA= (deoxyribonucleic acid) the genetic
code or instructions for the cell
• RNA= ribonucleic acid
• Amino Acids= building blocks of proteins
DNA
RNA
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Ribonucleic Acid
Sugar=deoxyribose
Sugar= ribose
Contains 1 more H atom
than deoxyribose
Double stranded
Single stranded- a single
strand of nucleotides
Nitrogen bases: ATCG
Nitrogen bases: AUCG
U=Uracil
http://images
2.clinicaltools
.com/images/
gene/dna_ver
sus_rna_rever
sed.jpg
http://www.princeton.edu
/%7Ehos/images/rna.gif
STEP 1: TRANSCRIPTION= making RNA
Location: Eukaryotes-nucleus
Prokaryotes-cytoplasm
• 1. RNA polymerase binds to the gene’s
promoter
• 2. The two DNA strands unwind and
separate.
• 3. Complementary nucleotides are added
using the base pairing rules EXCEPT:
• A=U
• The rest are the same C=G, T=A, G=C
Try this example.
• Using the following DNA sequence, what
would be the complementary RNA
sequence?
• ATCCGTAATTATGGC
• UAGGCAUUAAUACCG
http://www.odec.ca/projects/2004/mcgo4s0/public_html/t3/mRNA%20to%20protein.gif
• 1. Messenger RNA= mRNA is a form of RNA
that carries the instructions for making the protein
from a gene and delivers it to the site of
translation.
• Codon= three nucleotide sequence
• Transfer RNA= tRNA single strands of RNA that
temporarily carry a specific amino acid on one end
and has an anticodon
• Anticodon-a 3 nucleotide sequence that is
complementary to an mRNA codon
• Ribosomal RNA= rRNA- a part of the structure
of ribosomes
Codon and Anticodon
• Codon-found on mRNA
Anticodon-found on tRNA
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.obgynaca
demy.com/basicsciences/fetology/genetics/images/codon_GCA.
gif&imgrefurl=http://www.obgynacademy.com/basicsciences/fe
tology/genetics/&usg=__4MvAO2N3sXbERXQwODVDSqtsOj
M=&h=160&w=168&sz=4&hl=en&start=5&tbnid=toyuIN8drV
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6gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den
http://www.microbelibrary.org/microbelibrary/files/ccImages/Articleimages
/kaiser/tRNA_arg.jpg
STEP 2-TRANSLATIONAssembling proteins- in the cytoplasm
• mRNA leaves nucleus and enters cytoplasm
• tRNA molecules with the complementary
anticodon and a specific amino acid arrives at the
ribosome where the mRNA is waiting.
• Peptide bond forms between amino acids
• tRNA molecule leaves and a new one comes with
another amino acid.
• Amino acids continue to attach together until the
stop codon and a protein is formed
SUMMARY
• Transcription= process of making RNA
from DNA
• Translation= RNA directions are used to
make a protein from amino acids
• DNARNA Protein
•
Transcription Translation
nucleus
Cytoplasm on
ribosome
DNA
RNA
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Ribonucleic Acid
Sugar=deoxyribose
Sugar= ribose
Contains 1 more H atom
than deoxyribose
Double stranded
Single stranded- a single
strand of nucleotides
Nitrogen bases: ATCG
Nitrogen bases: AUCG
U=Uracil
Video Clips
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KvYEq
Gb7XN8&feature=related
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B6O6uR
b1D38&feature=related
DNA Replication
RNA Transcription
DNA polymerase is used. RNA polymerase is used.
DNA nucleotides are
linked.
RNA nucleotides are
linked.
A DNA molecule is
made.
An RNA molecule is
made.
Both DNA strands serve
as templates.
Only one part of one
strand of DNA ( a gene)
is used as a template.
Explain the steps in protein
synthesis.
http://stemcells.nih.gov/i
nfo/scireport/images/figu
rea6.jpg