Download Cell

Have out:
Week #9 (9/14-9/18)
Warm Up – Mon, 9/14:
Chemistry of Life
notes (Pg. 3)
Compounds foldable
(Pg. 9)
- Special Chemicals of Life video clip
Biology Fun Fact:
Today’s Learning Targets:
- Describe the difference between an
organic & inorganic compound.
- Identify & explain the molecular
structure of the 4 macromolecules
necessary for life.
Homework:
Agenda:
1. Acids & Bases lecture
2. Inorganic & Organic Compounds needed for life
1. Study for the
Biochemistry Unit
Test – Wed, 9/16 &
Thurs, 9/17
Unit Learning Goal: I will understand the atomic & molecular
structures that are required by all forms of life.
Pg. 3 – Unit 2: Chemistry of Life note packet
The pH of Nature video clip
Acids & Bases
Solutions (solute + water) can be determined to be
either an acid or a base. Here how it works…
A few (1 in 550 million) water molecules
spontaneously split into ions.
◦ Pure water has equal
amounts of H+ & OHions. This is considered neutral.
◦ Acids have higher amounts of H+ ions. (#26)
◦ Bases have higher amounts of OH- ions. (#27)
pH measures the concentration of hydrogen (H) ions in a solution.
◦ Lower pH means a higher concentration of H+ ions (#28)
Pg. 3 – Unit 2: Chemistry of Life note packet
What is pH?
The pH scale is used to measure the relative acidity or alkalinity
of solutions. (#28)
◦ 7 (middle of the scale) is considered neutral.
◦ Anything approaching zero (0-6.9) is more acidic.
◦ Anything approaching 14 (7.1-14) is more basic or alkaline.
(#29)
Pg. 3 – Unit 2: Chemistry of Life note packet
What is pH?
“pH” stands for the potential/power of Hydrogen.
pH is a logarithmic scale, meaning that an change of 1 pH is actually a
tenfold increase or decrease in the H+ concentration of the solution. (#30)
◦ Beer is 10 times (101) more acidic than tomatoes.
◦ Stomach acid is 1000 (103) more acidic than tomatoes.
Pg. 3 – Unit 2: Chemistry of Life note packet
pH & Homeostasis
Blood requires a pH of 7.35-7.45.
◦ Acidic, basic or neutral?
Sweat has a pH between 4.0-6.8.
◦ Acidic, basic or neutral?
Saliva pH is normally around 6.0.
◦ Acidic, basic or neutral?
Blood & other body fluids contain buffers,
which can “absorb” increases on H+ (acid)
or OH- (base) ions.
◦ This keeps blood pH within a narrow
range, no matter how acidic or alkaline your diet is.
Organism
(You & me)
Levels of Organization of Life
Tissue
(Muscle)
Cell
(Nerve Cell)
Organelle
(Nucleus)
Molecule & Compounds
(Amino Acid)
Special Chemicals of Life (2 mins)
The Special Chemicals of Life video clip
As you watch the following video, listen for the
necessary chemicals “for life” to exist on Earth.
Write down these chemicals in your Warm-up box
for TODAY!
Week #9 (9/14-9/18)
Have out:
- Biochemistry Unit Pre-Test Re-visit
Pick up:
Warm Up – Tues, 9/15:
Biology Fun Fact:
Biochemistry plays an important role in
forensic science, allowing investigators
to seek out criminals
based on DNA evidence.
The first person convicted
of a crime through DNA
evidence took place in
1988; his name was Colin
Pitchfork, a convicted
rapist & murderer.
Agenda:
Today’s
Learning
Target:
- Review all
Objectives
of the
Biochemistry
Unit
1. Finish Organic v. Inorganic notes – foldable
2. Review for Biochemistry Unit Exam
- Organic Molecules Review wkst/Concept Map
Compounds foldable
Glue stick &
scissors
Organic Molecules
Concept Map/Review
(Pg. 10)
Homework:
1.
Study for the
Biochemistry Unit
Test – Wed, 9/16
& Thurs, 9/17
- Complete your OM
Concept Map/Review!
Unit Learning Goal: I will understand the atomic & molecular
structures that are required by all forms of life.
Pg. 9 – Compounds Foldable
Organic vs.
Inorganic COMPOUNDS
Organic compounds – compounds with a Carbonbased core that are produced by living organisms
(plants or animals)
• Usually contain hydrogen (H), carbon (C), oxygen (O)
& nitrogen (N) together in large molecules called
macromolecules
• Cells (life) are made of these compounds
• Carbon atoms enable these compounds to bond
over & over in long durable chains
◦
Examples: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
Per.4
Pg. 9 – Compounds Foldable
Organic vs. Inorganic
COMPOUNDS
Inorganic Compounds – compounds that do NOT
contain carbon (C) & hydrogen (H) together
Examples: water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), salts (NaCl)
Pg. 9 – Organic Compounds Foldable
Per. 1
CARBOHYDRATES
Includes: sugars, starches & cellulose
◦ Classified according to size
◦ Monosaccharides—simple sugars
◦ Ie., fruits (fructose)
◦ Plants produce it during
photosynthesis
◦ Main source of energy for
animals
Pg. 9 – Organic Compounds Foldable
CARBOHYDRATES
Includes: sugars, starches & cellulose
◦ Classified according to size
◦ Disaccharides—2 simple sugars joined
by dehydration synthesis (loss of water
molecule)
◦ I.e., Table sugar (sucrose = glucose +
fructose)
Pg. 9 – Organic Compounds Foldable
CARBOHYDRATES
Includes: sugars, starches & cellulose
◦ Classified according to size
◦ Polysaccharides—long-branching chains
of many linked simple sugars (complex
carbohydrates)
◦ I.e, Potatoes & grains (starch)
◦ Plants maintain their physical structures (cell walls) with the help of
cellulose
◦ Animals store energy in
the form of glycogen or
animal starch
Pg. 9 – Organic Compounds Foldable
LIPIDS
Include: fats, waxes, steroids &
phospholipids
Cells use lipids to build membranes &
protective layers, to store energy & to communicate
among different parts of cell
Pg. 9 – Organic Compounds Foldable
LIPIDS
Phospholipids: specific type
of lipid
•Head of the molecule is “polar” & is hydrophilic
(water-loving)
•Tail of the molecule is “nonpolar” & is hydrophobic
(water-fearing)
Per.3, 4
•This combination is crucial (VITAL,
NECESSARY, CRITICAL, WITHOUT IT
YOU ARE DEAD) to cell function!!!
Pg. 9 – Organic Compounds Foldable
NUCLEIC ACIDS
Contain all instructions for
growth, repair &
replication of cells
◦ Provide “blueprint for life”
Week #9 (9/14-9/18)
Have out:
- Compounds Concept Map (Pg. 11)
(they will be graded this hour)
Warm Up – Wed, 9/16 & Thurs, 9/17:
Biology Fun Fact:
Although there are 92
naturally occurring
elements, only about 24 of
them are necessary to living
things. Most of the rare or
non-naturally occurring
elements are obviously not
important to biological life.
Today’s
Learning
Target:
- Exhibit mastery
of all Objectives
of the
Biochemistry
Unit on the
Exam
Your Science Ntbks
Pick up:
Compounds Concept
Map (Pg. 11)
Glue stick & scissors
Biochemistry Exam
Answer Sheet (Pg. 12)
Agenda:
1. Finish Organic Compounds foldable
2. Biochemistry Unit Exam
3. Begin Cell Unit with Cell Unit Pre-Test (if time)
Homework:
None 
Unit Learning Goal: I will understand the atomic & molecular
structures that are required by all forms of life.
Pg. 9 – Organic Compounds Foldable
NUCLEIC ACIDS
Types:
◦ Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
◦ Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
◦ Composed of Nucleotide bases
A = Adenine
G = Guanine
C = Cytosine
T = Thymine
U = Uracil
(only found in RNA)
◦ DNA & RNA work together to make
proteins
Per. 1
Pg. 9 – Organic Compounds Foldable
PROTEINS
Extremely long folded molecules built
out of units called amino acids linked
together by peptide bonds
Provides structure for
cells & tissues (like
muscles)
Human body has about
2,000 different types of
proteins
◦ All are built from combinations
of 20 amino acids
Pg. 9 – Organic Compounds Foldable
PROTEINS
Did you know?
Sickle cell anemia (blood disorder) &
several cancers result from a single change
in the amino acid sequence of proteins!
Types of Proteins:
◦ Enzymes: a catalyst, speeds up
chemical reactions
by lowering the amount of energy
needed
◦ Collagen: found in cartilage, bones
& tendons
◦ Keratin: found in hair & nails
AND THESE ARE JUST 3 EXAMPLES
OF THE OVER 2,000!!!!
Pg. 11 – Compounds Concept Map
Concept
Map
Find some with the SAME COLOR OUTFIT as you
today!
Take with you your Compounds foldable, your
Biochemistry Concept Map & a writing device!
Using the notes in your Compounds foldable,
complete the Compounds Concept Map.
Be prepared to share your Answers!
Pg. 1 – Biochemistry Unit Pre-Test
Biochemistry Unit
Learning Goal & Scales
Learning Goal: I will understand the atomic & molecular
structures that are required by all forms of life.
◦ Students will be able to:
◦ Identify the nine basic levels of organization of life.
◦ Describe the difference between matter & energy.
◦ Identify the three subatomic particles of an atom & their
corresponding electrical charges.
◦ Describe the basic difference between ionic, covalent & hydrogen
bonds.
◦ Describe the difference between an organic & inorganic compound.
◦ Identify & explain the molecular structure of the four
macromolecules necessary for life.
Pg. 1 – Biochemistry Unit Pre-Test
Biochemistry Unit Pre-Test &
Study Guide
Re-read through each Unit Objectives
If you are SUPER DUPER CONFIDENT & CAN APPLY/EXPLAIN AN
EXAMPLE for that objective, draw a blue SMILEY FACE (4) in that
square.
If you are CONFIDENT that you know/can do that objective, put a
green CHECK MARK (3) in that square.
◦ GO! ‘cause you KNOW!
If you HAVE HEARD OF/KIND OF KNOW that objective, put a
yellow STAR (2) in that square.
◦ HAULT or WAIT…not sure!
If you HAVE NEVER HEARD OF/DO NOT KNOW that objective, put
a red QUESTION MARK (1,0) in that square.
◦ STOP! I have no idea!
Pg. 10 – Biochemistry Concept Map/Review
Concept Map
& Review
Find some with the SAME COLOR EYES as you today!
Take with you your Compounds foldable, your
Biochemistry Concept Map/Review & a writing
device!
Using the notes in your Compounds foldable,
complete the Biochemistry Concept Map/Review.
Be prepared to share your Answers!
Pg. 12 – Biochemistry Unit Exam
Unit Exam
Have out your Biochemistry Concept Map.
◦ Let’s have a look at the correct answers to complete the flow-chart.
You may use your Science Ntbk as a resource while you test for the first
10 mins of testing time.
After 10 mins, you will turn in your Science Ntbk to be GRADED at Lab 4.
NO TALKING! Talking = Cheating = “0”
When finished with your Exam, turn in your Answer Sheet & Exam at the
FRONT teacher station.
◦ Pick up/get out…
◦ a new Section Divider for your Sci. Ntbk & label it “The Cell Unit”,
◦ The Cell Unit Pre-Test – Pg. 1 (read the Objectives & rate yourself) &
◦ 4 crayons
Organism
(You & me)
Levels of Organization of Life
Tissue
(Muscle)
Cell
(Nerve Cell)
Organelle
(Nucleus)
Molecule & Compounds
(Amino Acid)
How do Biochemists ACTUALLY
know…
that there are molecules, compounds &
macromolecules that
make up a cell’s
structures
(organelles)?
Can they see these
structures?
Pg. 1 – “The Cell Unit Pre-Test”
Cell Structure & Function Unit
Learning Goal & Scales
Learning Goal: I will understand the basic components of the cell &
how they function.
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
Identify various characteristics that set living organisms apart from non-living matter.
Correctly label the parts of a microscope.
Describe the function of each microscope part & correctly use each part for its appropriate purpose.
Distinguish between a prokaryotic & eukaryotic cell.
Distinguish between a plant & animal cell.
Identify the major cell organelles that allow for a cell to function properly.
Describe the function of each major cell organelle.
Describe the structure & function of the phospholipid bilayer of a cell.
Distinguish between the cell membrane transport mechanisms of osmosis & diffusion.
Distinguish between passive & active forms of cell transport.
Describe what an isotonic, hypotonic & hypertonic solution is. & what will happen to a cell is each
kind of solution.
◦ Logically justify what will happen to a cell is each kind of solution.
Pg. 1 – “The Cell Unit Pre-Test”
Cell Structure & Function
Unit Pre-Test (& Study Guide)
•Read through each Unit Objectives
•If you are SUPER DUPER CONFIDENT & CAN APPLY/EXPLAIN AN
EXAMPLE for that objective, draw a blue SMILEY FACE (4) in that square.
•If you are CONFIDENT that you know/can do that objective, put a
green CHECK MARK (3) in that square.
◦ GO! ‘cause you KNOW!
•If you HAVE HEARD OF/KIND OF KNOW that objective, put a
yellow STAR (2) in that square.
◦ HAULT or WAIT…not sure!
•If you HAVE NEVER HEARD OF/DO NOT KNOW that objective, put
a red QUESTION MARK (1,0) in that square.
◦ STOP! I have no idea!
Week #9 (9/14-9/18)
Have out:
- The Martian & the Car
Pick up:
Warm Up – Fri, 9/18:
Biology Fun Fact:
Moths taste with their feet.
Atlas moth is the largest
Lepidoptera in the world
with 65 in2 wingspan.
Your Science Ntbk
The Martian & the
Car (Pg. 2)
Getting to Know
the Microscope wkst
(Pg. 3)
Today’s Learning Targets:
-Identify various characteristics that set living organisms
apart from non-living matter.
- Correctly label the parts of a microscope.
- Describe the function of each microscope part & correctly
use each part for its appropriate purpose.
Agenda:
1. Getting to Know the Microscope wkst
Homework:
1. Complete Getting
to Know the
Microscope wkst
(if needed) – Mon,
9/21
Unit Learning Goal: I will understand the basic components of the cell &
how they function.
Pg. 2 - Martian & the Car
The Martian & the Car
Let’s read through the scenario together.
Now put yourself in 2 different sets of
shoes:
◦ Prosecutor (LEFT SIDE OF CLASS – near the
FRONT door)
◦ Marvin the Martian has NOT found “life” (the car)
◦ Defense Attorney (RIGHT SIDE OF CLASS –
near the SIDE door)
◦ Marvin the Martian HAS found “life” (the car)
Be prepared to discuss/debate your
ideas next class!
Pg. 3 - “Getting to Know the Microscope” wkst
Complete your “Getting to Know the
Microscope” wkst (Pg. 3) using the
colored pencils/markers.
Microscope Quiz – Fri, 9/25
- Be able to identify & name the parts of a
microscope CORRECTLY (spelling is
important!)
- Be able to describe what each part does for
seeing a specimen under the microscope