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Basic Biochemistry VERY BASIC Matter • Anything that has mass and takes up space. • Anything that is not matter is energy Atom • Smallest particle an element can be broken down into and still retain all of its characteristics • All matter is made of atoms Substance • Anything you can represent with a chemical formula or symbol • Elements Al, U, He, • Compounds H2O CO2 C6H12O6 Element • A substance that consists of only one type of atom Compound • Two or more elements chemically combined • A chemical formula can be written • Elements are in set proportions • ex. H2O CO2 C6H12O6 Mixture • Two or more substances not chemically combined • Can be separated back out. • No definite proportion of substances Solutions • Solution- a mixture between a solid and liquid in which the solid dissolves. ex. Salt water • Solvent- The liquid of a solution • Solute- The solid dissolved in the liquid (Dissolved Particles) Organic Molecules • Molecules common in or from living or once living things • Carbon is the base element found in all organic compounds • Four types of organic compounds -Carbohydrates -Lipids -Proteins -Nucleic acids Carbohydrates • Have the formula CxH2xOx • • Includes starch, cellulose, and glucose Generally used for energy Proteins • • Used for structure and support Made up of amino acids Lipids • Includes fats and oils Nucleic Acids • DNA and RNA • Composed of sugar, phosphate groups and nitrogen bases
