Download DNA Replication

Question: How do we use our understanding of DNA and DNA
Technology to make life easier, more sustainable, more fun,
and more delicious?
Problem
There are close to 7 billion people on Earth.
Space and resources are limited. How will we be
able to feed future generations and provide
them treatment for diseases, both present and
future?
DNA
Roles of DNA
1.Blueprint (building instructions) on how to
build an organism
2.Passes hereditary info from parents to
offspring (inherited characteristics)
Can be manipulated
Watson, Cricke, and the Double Helix
Griffith’s Experiment
#1 Transformation
The passing of genetic info from one organism
to another.
Chargaff: Introduction to Base Pairing
#2 Hershey and Chase :
DNA or Proteins?
#2 Viruses infect the host and inject DNA so that the host makes
new viruses.
Ok, so what do we do with it now?
The Role of Man
Human Nature: Because just understanding the
secret of life isn’t enough
Solving Crimes
Curing Diseases
Finding long lost relatives
Solving mysteries
Designer babies
Finding out who’s baby it is
Finding out who’s dog pooped in your yard
Combining species (recombinant DNA)
Human Genome Project
GMOs
GMOs: DNA Technology
Nuclear Transfer Cloning
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/cloning/
clonezone/
Cloning X2
Nuclear Transfer
Recombinant DNA
Insulin in bacteria
https://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/fromdnato
beer/exhibition-interactive/recombinantDNA/recombinant-dna-technologyalternative.html
Recombinant DNA
Blood Vessels= Growth and
Development
GFP
Gene Expression/Regulation in
Prokaryotes
Gene Expression in Eukaryotes
Homeotic Genes
Homeotic Genes/Homeobox
DNA Technology
http://www.infoplease.com/cig/biology/dnatechnology-applications.html
http://educationportal.com/academy/lesson/practicalapplications-of-dna-technology.html
Totally Frivolous Uses of DNA
Technology
http://www.cracked.com/article_19885_5insanely-frivolous-uses-dna-technology_p2.html
DNA Replication
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dKubyIRiN84
DNA Replication
DNA Replication: process by which DNA is
copied before the cell divides.
Replication Fork: Site where DNA splits and DNA
replication occurs (there are multiple replication
forks).
DNA Replication
DNA Helicase: Enzyme that breaks hydrogen bonds between
bases during DNA replication
DNA Polymerase: enzyme that catalyzes the replication of DNA
by adding nucleotides
DNA ligase: Enzyme that joins nucleotides (DNA glue)
Okazaki Fragments: Short fragments of DNA created on lagging
strand of DNA during DNA replication
Leading Strand: Strand of DNA that is copied continuously
(toward the fork (5’-3’)
Lagging Strand: Strand of DNA that is copied in the opposite
direction of the movement of the fork. (3’-5’)
DNA Replication
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dKubyIRiN84
Leading Strand vs Lagging Strand
http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072943696/
student_view0/chapter3/animation__dna_replication
__quiz_1_.html
DNA Facts
• There is 6 feet of DNA in EVERY cell in your
body
• Your DNA contains over 3 Billion base pairs
• Your DNA has over 23,000 genes which means
you can produce 23 thousand different
protiens.
RNA
• Three types
a. mRNA=messenger
b. tRNA = transfer
c. rRNA = ribosomal
• Single strand
• Ribose backbone
• Substitutes Uracil (U)
for Thymine (T)
Key Words for Protein Synthesis
• Gene- section of DNA that codes for a specific protein.
• Messenger RNA (mRNA)- nucleic acid that copies the
DNA and takes it to the Ribosome.
• Ribosome- Organelle that builds proteins using mRNA
and tRNA.
• Transfer RNA (tRNA)- nucleic acid that matches up
codon to anticondon and drops off amino acids in the
correct order.
• Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) structural material of
ribosomes
Key Words Continued
Codon- Group of three nitrogen bases found on
the mRNA that codes for a specific amino
acid.
Anticodon- Group of three nitrogen bases
found on the tRNA that matches up with the
codon and drops off the correct amino acid.
Amino Acid- Building blocks of proteins that are
placed in the correct order by matching codon
to anticodon along the length of a gene.
Steps to Protein Synthesis
Transcription
• DNA Opens one Gene
• One side of the DNA is copied by the mRNA
• mRNA travels outside the Nucleus to the Ribosome
Translation
• Ribosome attaches to the mRNA.
• tRNA matches up codon to anticodon and drops
off the correct amino acid
• A chain of amino acids is created which is a protein
Translantion