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Organic Molecules
Molecules of Life
Molecules of our Food
Organic (Food) Molecules
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Found in and produced by living
organisms
Large and complex
Carbon to carbon “backbones”
-C–C–C-C
Organic Molecules
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Proteins
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Carbohydrates (sugars and starches)
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Nucleic Acids (DNA & RNA)
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Lipids (Fats & cholesterol)
Proteins

Polymers of amino acids
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Polymer –
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Monomer –
Proteins
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Build an amino
acid:
Proteins
Q: How do amino acids combine to
form proteins?
A: Dehydration Synthesis
Proteins
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Q: Are cow proteins identical to
human proteins?
Q: Are cow amino acids identical to
human amino acids?
Digestion = Hydrolysis
Who makes Amino Acids?
Answer:

What simple inorganic molecules do
they use?

Proteins

FUNCTIONS OF
(How are proteins used in living organisms?)
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Silk of spider web
Enzymes (protein catalysts; “helper” molecules
Animals: hemoglobin (blood protein, carries O2)
Some hormones are proteins (e.g. insulin)
Some structures are proteins (hair, nails)
Nucleic Acids
Polymers of nucleotides
(A sample nucleotide)
Carbohydrates

Monosaccharides, a.k.a

Disaccharides, a.k.a

Polysaccharides, a.k.a
Carbohydrates

Monosaccharides
ex: GLUCOSE!
Glucose: Linear  Ring
Carbohydrates
GLUCOSE

Who makes glucose?

By what process?
Carbohydrates
GLUCOSE

Who uses glucose? Why?

By what process?

Where is it broken down?
Carbohydrates
Disaccharides
Carbohydrates
(Disaccharides)
SUGAR MATH!
Lactose = Glucose + Galactose
Maltose = Glucose + Glucose
Sucrose = Glucose + Fructose
Carbohydrates

Polysaccharides
Extension to Carbohydrates:
And now, what about insulin?