Download 2-3 Notes B

BUILDING BLOCKS OF LIFE
MAIN IDEAS
1.
2.
3.
4.
IaN pg. 33
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
Proteins
It’s not the years in your life that count.
It’s the life in your years.
- Abraham Lincoln
Objective
Define & describe the
structure & function of
the 4 main groups of
organic compounds
using notes, lecture,
collaboration & a
concept map.
Carbohydrates
I. Carbohydrates
A. Main source of energy for all living things
B. Made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
C. Monomers (monosaccharides) are simple sugars easily
converted to energy
D. Disaccharides (di means 2!)
1. Two monosaccharaides joined together by
dehydration
a. Lactose = glucose + galactose
b. Sucrose = glucose + fructose
c. Maltose = glucose + glucose
Sugar
fructose
sucrose
glucose
maltose
galactose
lactose
Sweetness
173%
100%
74%
33%
33%
16%
E. Polysaccharides
1. Stores excess sugars
a. Starch in plants
b. Glycogen in animals
2. Plants also polymerize cellulose
for structure
Lipids
II. Lipids
A. Store energy
B. Form biological membranes and waterproof coverings
C. Made mostly of carbon and hydrogen
D. Monomers of fatty acids attached to glycerol molecules
Cell Membrane
E. Saturated Fats
1. Maximum # of hydrogen atoms
2. No double bonded Carbons in the chain
3. Solid at room temperature
F. Unsaturated Fats
1. Tend to be liquid at room temperature
2. Double bonded Carbons in the Chain
Proteins
III. Proteins
A. 20 different amino acids in nature = monomers
1. R group makes amino acids different
B. Functions
1. Enzymes
2. Builds Muscle, Bone &
Connective Tissue
3. Transport substances
into & out of cells
4. Help to fight disease –
Complement Proteins
R
R - Group
(Variant)
Nucleic Acids
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) &
Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)
IV. Nucleic Acids
A. Transmit hereditary or genetic information
B. Instructions for building proteins
Nucleotide monomer
Building Blocks of Life
IaN pg. 34
• Create a quadrant graphic organizer
• Include at least 4 bullet points for each macromolecule.
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids