Download Name Date Ch 3. Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

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Date __________________
Ch 3. Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life – Biology in Focus by Urry et al.
Overview:
1. What is an organic compound?
2. What is a macromolecule?
Concept 3.1 Carbon atoms can form diverse molecules by bonding to four other atoms.
Review the structure of carbon and its bonds (review from chemistry)
3. What are hydrocarbons?
4. What are four ways that carbon skeletons can vary?
5. Complete the chart below.
Chemical group & structure Compound name
drawing (one with letters)
Hydroxyl group
Carbonyl group
Carboxyl group
Name example
Chemical group & structure Compound name
drawing (one with letters)
Amino group
Name example
Sulfhydryl group
Phosphate group
Methyl group
6. Describe the structure of ATP and explain why it is important in living organisms.
Concept 3.2 Macromolecules are polymers, built from monomers
7. Explain the difference between a dehydration (condensation) reaction and a hydrolysis reaction.
Give an example of each.
8. What is the basis for diversity in life‘s polymers?
Concept 3.3 Carbohydrates serve as fuel and building material.
9. Carbohydrates are made up of polymers of ___________________.
10. Explain the difference between monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides. Give two
examples of each.
11. Polysaccharides are used for ___________________ and ____________________ in living
organisms.
12. How are monomers of linked together to make polymers of carbohydrates?
Concept 3.4 lipids are a diverse group of hydrophobic molecules
13. Why are compounds called lipids grouped together?
14. Explain the structure of a fat.
15. What is the difference between a saturated and unsaturated fat?
16. What is the major function of fat? Give examples.
17. Explain the structure of a phospholipid. What are they used for in a cell? Why are they perfect
molecules to use for that purpose?
18. What are steroids? (structurally and in terms of use in organisms)
Concept 3.5 Proteins include a diversity of structures, resulting in a wide range of functions.
19. List the eight functions of proteins and an example of each.
20. What are the building blocks of proteins? How many are there?
21. What is the major difference structurally between all 20 amino acids?
22. How are monomers of amino acids bonded together to make proteins?
23. Briefly explain the four levels of protein structure.
a. Primary
b. Secondary
c. Tertiary
d. Quaternary
24. Explain, in terms of protein structure levels, the difference between hemoglobin and abnormal
hemoglobin (found in sickle cell)
25. What types of environments can affect the protein structure? What happens to the protein when
they are exposed to these environments?
26. What are some diseases that occur due to misfolded proteins?
Concept 3.6 Nucleic acids store, transmit and help express hereditary information.
27. What is the monomer unit of a nucleic acid?
28. Name two nucleic acids in living organisms. What is the difference in each in terms of structure
and function?
29. What are the three components of a nucleotide?
30. Complete the questions in the Scientific Skills exercise on p. 63.