Download Chapter 11 - Organic Chemistry

Chapter 11 - Organic Chemistry
1.
Why is carbon the core of biological molecules?
Because it has 4 valence electrons, Carbon can make many types of bonds and build larger
and more complex molecules
2.
3.
Name the most common elements in the human body.

Oxygen 65%

Nitrogen 3.3%

Carbon 18.5%

Calcium 1.5%

Hydrogen 9.5%

Phosphorus 1.0%
Why is it important that carbon atoms are able to connect in three different backbone structures?
They can make the many types of complex molecules necessary for life.
4.
Name and draw the common carbon backbone structures:
5.
1)
2)
3)
See page 310.
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6.
What type of bonds are in an organic compound? __covalent______.
7.
What are proteins made of? __amino acids____.
8.
Why is carbon able to form lots of different compounds? __its ability to bond__.
9.
Which compound helps nerve cells conduct electrical signals in your body? ____salt___.
10.
Which compound regulates temperature in your body? ____water________.
11.
Which element is able to form long chains? __Carbon_____.
12.
Carbohydrates and proteins are both __long chain polymers___.
13.
What are the subunits that make up nucleic acids? __nucleotides____.
14.
What are the four types of biochemicals in living organisms?

carbohydrates

lipids

proteins

nucleic acids
15.
What percentage of the human body is water? __70%______.
16.
The two main kinds of nucleic acids are ___DNA___ and ______RNA______.
17.
What kind of biochemical builds and repairs body structures? ___proteins______.
18.
After oxygen, what is the next most common element in the body? ___carbon_________.
19.
Hemoglobin, which carries oxygen in the blood, is a ____protein___________.
20.
Fats are what kind of biochemical? ___lipids_____.
21.
Glucose is a __simple____ carbohydrate.
22.
Carbon can form single, ____double_____ and ____triple_____ bonds.
23.
Proteins are (very small, very large) molecules.
24.
Spell out two nucleic acids: __deoxyribonucleic acid_and __ribonucleic acid.__.
25.
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are all ____biochemicals____.
26.
Biochemicals composed of one or more simple sugar molecules are called ____carbohydrates__.
27.
Vitamins that do not dissolve in water are stored in __lipids_____.
28.
Cell membranes are made of what kind of biochemical? ____lipids____.
29.
The function of a protein depends on its ____shape______.