Download Organic Macromolecule Notes

Organic Macromolecule Notes
1) Organic Macromolecules:
a) Molecules that contain carbon
b) Types
i) Carbohydrates
ii) Proteins
iii) Lipids
iv) Nucleic Acids
2) Carbohydrates
a) Made of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
b) Base of Pyramid
i) examples: Starch, Sugar, Cellulose (Plants cell
wall)
c) Types of Carbohydrates
i) Starch is a long chain of
glucose molecules found in plants
ii) Glycogen is a long chain of
glucose molecules found in animals
d) Carbohydrates & Energy
i) Where does the energy come from?
(1)
The energy is stored in the CarbonHydrogen Bonds
(2)
When food is metabolized (broken
down) energy is released
3) Proteins
a) Made of these elements:
i) Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
b) Building Blocks:
i) Amino acids
c) Biological roles of proteins
i) As structural molecules, adding
strength/flexibility to
tissues such as hair and muscles.
ii) As enzymes, controlling
the reactions within cells.
iii) As antibodies and hormones.
iv) As components of cell membranes.
d) Enzymes the Biological Catalyst
i) Speeds up chemical reactions
(1)
Example: Wood Decomposing vs. Wood
on fire
ii) Examples in our body:
(1)
Amylas Carbohydrates in mouth
(2)
Pepsin Proteins in stomach
(3)
Pancreatic lipase lipids in small
intestine
Weakens Bonds
4) Lipids (Fats)
a) Elements: Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
b) Building blocks:
i) Glycerol and 3 fatty acids
c) Nonpolar Molecule
i) Does not dissolve in water
ii) Evenly distributed electrons
(doesn’t want to share)
d) Function of lipids
i) Stores energy
ii) Examples:
(1)
Saturated fats
(2)
Steroids (cholesterol)
(3)
waxes
5) Nucleic Acids
a) Building blocks: Nucleotides
i) Sugar
ii) nitrogen base
iii) phosphate group
b) Function of Nucleic Acids
i) Store genetic information
ii) Example: Genetic Traits
Can you roll your tongue?
c) Types of Nucleic Acids
i) DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
ii) RNA (ribonucleic acid)
6) ATP Adenosine Triphosphate
a) Battery for the cell
b) Formed from the metabolism (breakdown) of
food
c) Function of ATP
i) Chemically similar to a nucleotide
ii) Cells require ATP to function
iii) Primary source of energy