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Transcript
Test 1 Notecards 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. Biology: the study of living things and their surroundings. Hypothesis: must be proposed in a way that can be tested; they may arise from prior knowledge, logical inferences, and imaginative guesses. Theory: well-tested explanation for a set of observations; it may be revised or replaced. Law: statement of fact explaining phenomena; universally accepted. Control: something that is kept the same during an experiment. Variable: something that changes during an experiment. Independent variable: the factor that is deliberately changed in an experiment; what you are testing. Dependent variable: the factor that changes in response to the independent variable; what you are measuring. Controlled experiment: allows the scientist to test a single variable while all other factors are kept the same. Characteristics of Life: Metabolism, Reproduction, Evolution (adaptation), Response to Stimulus, Genetic Material, Homeostasis, cells, growth and development pH: acids = 0-6, neutral = 7, base = 8-14; buffer helps to maintain homeostasis Organic compounds: contain carbon; include lipids, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and proteins. Lipids: made of glycerol and fatty acids; include fats, oils, and waxes; found in membranes; used to store energy. Nucleic acids: transmit genetic information; made of nucleotides; include RNA and DNA. Carbohydrates: provide energy; made of monosaccharides (simple sugars); include starch and sugars. Proteins: regulate cell processes; made of amino acids; include enzymes. Enzymes: proteins which act as biological catalysts, speeding up the rate of reactions, by lowering the activation energy; extremely specific; affected by temperature and pH.