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Transcript
By making proteins! DNA contains the instructions for which proteins to make *and complicated instructions on when to make them that we don’t fully understand I.e. difference in pigments (hair, eye, skin etc.) I.e. difference in enzymes (make different amounts of molecules) I.e. difference in antibodies (some get sick more often or from different things) *A lot of differences are also due to more complicated gene expression Makes a purple protein in flowers Makes a white protein in flowers Code for slightly different versions of the protein Probably arose through mistakes in DNA replication DNA-> mRNA Like making a copy of the blueprint Kind of like DNA replicationcomplementary nucleotides are added- EXCEPT U is used instead of T DNA Deoxyribose sugar A,C, G and T nucleotides Usually double stranded Stores the code (like the master blueprint) RNA Ribose sugar A, C, G and U nucleotides Usually single stranded › But can fold on itself Different types and functions › mRNA, tRNA, rRNA › Carries code, assembles proteins Each gene has a promoter Transcription factors help RNA polymerase bind to the promoter and begin transcription RNA polymerase DNA AGCTATAACGACG T TAGCATCA T CGATAT TGCUGCAAUCGUAGU GCT GCAATCGTAGT T CGATAT T GCT GCAATCGTAGT mRNA DNA is not turned into RNA! An RNA molecule is made based of the DNA code! mRNA Protein in the ribosome Every 3 RNA nucleotides (letters) codes for 1 amino acid › Called a “codon” Example: DNA ATG GCA GAC RNA UAC CGU CUG Protein Tyr Arg Leu A tRNA molecule carries an amino acid tRNA nucleotides must be complementary to mRNA code Translation always begins at the Start Codon AUG and ends when a STOP codon is reached Ex. RNA GTCA AUG GCC CCA UGG Protein Met – Ala - Pro Transcription › DNA (gene) transcribed to make mRNA which carries code › In Nucleus Translation › mRNA code translated into a protein › With help of tRNA in the ribosome
