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Brain Computer Interface
 A brain-computer interface is a direct communication pathway
between a human or animal brain ( or brain cell culture) and an
external device.
 Sometimes called a direct neural interface or a brain machine
interface (BMI).
Motivation for BCI Research
 In USA, more than
200,000 patients live with
the motor sequelae
(consequences) of serious
injury. There are two ways
to help them restore some
motor function:
 Repair the damaged nerve
axons.
 Build neuroprosthetic
device.
Detecting neural activity

Invasive BCI
 Invasive BCI are directly
implanted into the grey
matter of the brain during
neurosurgery.
 They produce the highest
quality signals of BCI
devices .
 Prone to building up of
scar-tissue
 Targeted repairing
damaged sight and
providing new
functionality to paralyzed
people
(neuroprosthetics).
Detecting neural activity

Non Invasive BCI
 Neuroimaging
technologies as
interfaces are used.
 Signals recorded in this
way have been used to
power muscle implants
and restore partial
movement in an
experimental volunteer.
 Non-invasive implants
produce poor signal
resolution .
EEG
Using BCI
Typing words by mind
Help impaired hands to
grasp by mind
Play videogames by mind
Neuron spike based BCI
 High speed real time
control
 Precise control of
movement
 Invasive
 High risk for clinical
application
Working of Simple BCI
BCI Methods
 P300 detection
 How can you type words by mind?
The P300 (P3) wave is an event related potential (ERP) which
can be recorded via electroencephalography (EEG) as a positive
deflection in voltage at a latency of roughly 300 ms in the EEG.
 EEG mu-Rhythm Conditioning
 VEP Detection
Experiment Design
 Alphabet row/column
was flashing randomly on
the computer screen
 Human subject was
gazing at the screen
 Human EEG was
recorded simultaneously
 P300 components in
EEG was extracted in
real time for letter guess
 EEG amplifier Human
subject Visual feedback
Experiment Design
Application
1.
Artificial Sensory channel


Artificial Hearing
Artificial Vision
2.
Artificial Motor Channel
3.
Neural Disorder Control Parkinson’s disease Seizure prediction
and control
Artificial Sensory channel
Artificial Motor Channel
Neural Disorder Control Parkinson’s
disease Seizure prediction and control
Future : Silicon Cognition
Advantages
 BCIs will help creating a Direct communication pathway
between a human or animal brain and any external devices
like computers.
 BCI has increased the possibility of treatment of disabilities
related to nervous system along with the old technique of
Neuroprosthetics.
 Techniques like EEG, MEG and neurochips have come into
discussions since the BCI application have started
developing.
 This has provided a new work area for scientists and
researchers around the world.
Disadvantages
 In case of Invasive BCI there is a risk of formation of scar tissue.
 There is a need of extensive training before user can use
techniques like EEG
 BCI techniques still require much enhancement before they can
be used by users as they are slow.
 Ethical implications of BCI will arise in future
 BCI techniques are costly. It requires a lot of money to set up the
BCI environment.
Conclusion
 Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) is a method of
communication based on voluntary neural activity generated
by the brain and independent of its normal output pathways
of peripheral nerves and muscles.
 The neural activity used in BCI can be recorded using
invasive or noninvasive techniques.
 We can say as detection techniques and experimental
designs improve, the BCI will improve as well and would
provide wealth alternatives for individuals to interact with
their environment.
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