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Transcript
Unit 5: Inside the Cell Ch. 2:2 (pgs. 32-37) Cell Parts & Their Jobs Structure of Cells • Are cells 3-D or 2-D? • What shapes can cells be? –Can cells change shape? • What special features can cells have? Sizes of Cells • How big/small are cells? –What are some of the smallest cells? • bacteria –What are some of the largest cells? • eggs Why is there a limit to cell growth? How can the surface area to volume ratio be increased? 2 Main Types of Organisms • Unicellular Organisms •Multicellular Organisms –How many cells? –How many cells? •How/where are cell processes carried out? •How/where are cell processes carried out? –Examples? –Examples? Why can multicellular organisms be big if there is a limit to cell size? Two Major Types of Cells • What are the two major types of cells? – prokaryotes – Eukaryotes (YOU-karyote!) • What are the major similarities/differences between the two types of cells? – Similarities: • both have cell membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, & ribosomes – Differences: • prokaryotes do NOT have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. • eukaryotes do! • Examples? Organization Within Eukaryotic Cells • Why might cells need to be organized? • How are they organized??? Eukaryotic Cell Organelles • plant & animal cells – – – – – – – – – – – – *Cell (plasma) membrane *Cytoplasm Nucleus Nuclear membrane (envelope) Nucleolus *Ribosome Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Bodies (Apparatus) Mitochondrion Cytoskeleton Vacuole Lysosome • plant cells – Chloroplast – *Cell wall • animal cells – *Cilia & flagella – Centrioles *Can also be found in prokaryotic cells Cell (Plasma) Membrane • Found in: – prokaryotic & eukaryotic cells • Functions: – surrounds cell; creates boundary between cell & its environment – acts as a gatekeeper • “selectively permeable” • Looks like: – fence w/ gates (around cell) Cytoplasm • Found in: – prokaryotic & eukaryotic cells • Functions: – organelles float in it – some chemical reactions • Looks like: – Jell-o Nuclear Membrane (Envelope) • Found in: – eukaryotic cells only • Functions: – surrounds nucleus; creates boundary between nucleus & cytoplasm – acts as a gatekeeper • “selectively permeable” • Looks like: – fence w/ gates (around nucleus) Nucleus • Found in: – eukaryotic cells only • Functions: – controls cell’s activities – contains DNA • Looks like: – an eyeball Chromatin & Chromosomes: Inside the Nucleus • Found in: – eukaryotic cells only • Functions: – genetic information – instructions for cell’s activities • chromatin looks like: – spaghetti • chromosomes look like: •X Nucleolus: Inside the Nucleus • Found in: – eukaryotic cells only • Functions: – makes RNA (ribonucleic acid) • Looks like: – iris (colored part) of eyeball • Found in: Ribosome – prokaryotic & eukaryotic cells • Functions: – synthesizes (makes) proteins from amino acids • Looks like: – pepper (dots) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) & Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) • Found in: – eukaryotic cells only • Functions: – transports (mostly) proteins through cell • SER looks like: – bubble-letter “H” • RER – bubble-letter “H” • with pepper (dots) – ribosomes Golgi Bodies (Apparatus) • Found in: – eukaryotic cells only • Functions: – packages, modifies & exports proteins within cell & out of cell • Looks like: – pancake stacks • often w/ drips of syrup @ ends Mitochondria Mighty Mitochondria • Found in: – eukaryotic cells only • Functions: – “power house” of the cell • creates energy (ATP) through cellular respiration • Looks like: – hot dog w/ mustard Why is the inner membrane highly folded? Cytoskeleton • Found in: – eukaryotic cells only • Functions: – gives cell shape & support – move organelles • Looks like: – beams in a house Vacuole • Found in: – eukaryotic cells only • large vacuoles in plant cells • small vacuoles in animals cells • Functions: – store water, food, waste – maintain turgor pressure in plants – maintain osmotic balance • contractile vacuole • Looks like: – swimming pool Paramecium Lysosome animation Lysosome • Found in: – eukaryotic cells only • Primarily in animal cells • Functions: – contains digestive enzymes: • breakdown large food molecules • break down old, worn out cell parts • Looks like: – stomach (w/ enzymes) Chloroplast Cyclosis Chloroplast • Found in: – eukaryotic cells only • plants (& some protists) • Functions: – photosynthesis • makes glucose & oxygen • Looks like: – green solar panels Cell Wall • Found in: – prokaryotes • Bacteria – some eukaryotes • plants • algae • fungi • Functions: – protection – support • Looks like: – wall, box Cilia • Found in: – eukaryotic cells • some animals • some protozoans • Functions: – movement – sometimes sensing the environment • Looks like: – fringes on a dust-mop • Found in: Flagellum – many prokaryotic cells • bacteria – some eukaryotic cells • some animals • some protozoans • Functions: – movement – sometimes sensing the environment • Looks like: – tail, whip Centrioles • Found in: – eukaryotic cells only • animals cells only • Functions: – help in cell division (mitosis) • Looks like: – stacked logs – salt & pepper shakers Extras • ID eukaryotic animal cell organelles: http://www.wisconline.com/Objects/ViewObject.aspx?ID=AP11 604 • Cell Part ID interactive: http://www.wisconline.com/objects/ViewObject.aspx?ID=AP114 03 • Cell Organelles Game: http://www.quia.com/mc/65947.html