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Transcript
Unit 3: Organizations and Patterns of Life Topic: Cell Organelles Key Objectives What You’ll Learn A. the structure of cell parts to their functions. B. The differences between plant cells and animal cells Why do we study cells? bodies are made up of cells cells do all the work of life! Regents Biology The Jobs of Cells Cells have 3 main jobs make energy make proteins need energy for all activities need to clean up waste produced while making energy proteins do all the work in a cell, so we need lots of them make more cells for growth to replace damaged or diseased cells Our organelles do all these jobs! Why do cells need energy? to fuel daily life functions such as ATP Growth Repair Reproduce Remove waste Organelles: tiny structures inside the cell Why are cell organelles are important? each organelle/structure has a specific job to do to keep the cell alive They’re like mini-organs! Model Animal Cell Organelle # 1 Cell membrane phosphate “head” Functions separates cell from outside controls what enters or leaves cell O2, CO2, food, H2O, nutrients, waste recognizes signals from other cells allows communication between cells lipid “tail” Organelle # 2 cytoplasm Function jelly-like material holding organelles in place cell membrane cell boundary controls movement of materials in & out Regents Biology recognizes signals Organelle # 3 Vacuoles Functions Storage site Storing mostly cellular wastes Regents Biology cytoplasm jelly-like material holding organelles in place vacuole storage site Mostly cellular waste products cell membrane cell boundary controls movement of materials in & out recognizes signals Regents Biology Organelle # 4 Lysosomes Functions digest food digest broken or damaged organelles Digest foreign particles(bacteria) lysosomes digesting broken organelles small food particle vacuole digesting food Regents Biology cytoplasm jelly-like material holding organelles in place vacuole storage site Mostly cellular waste products cell membrane cell boundary controls movement of materials in & out recognizes signals Regents Biology lysosome food digestion digest damaged/broken organelles Organelle # 5 Mitochondria Function make ATP energy from cellular respiration sugar + O2 ATP fuels the work of life in both animal & plant cells Regents Biology ATP cytoplasm jelly-like material holding organelles in place vacuole storage site Mostly cellular waste products mitochondria make ATP energy from sugar + O2 cell membrane cell boundary controls movement of materials in & out recognizes signals Regents Biology lysosome food digestion digest damaged/broken organelles Organelle # 6 Ribosome Making proteins What are proteins used for by cells? muscle fibers, hair, skin, claws enzymes (speed up chemical reactions) signals (hormones) & receptors The ribosomes look like tiny dots inside the cell. Regents Biology Why are proteins so important? Answer: Proteins do all the work! one of the major job of cells is to make proteins, because… proteins do all the work! structural enzymes signals receptors DNA Regents Biology proteins cells cytoplasm jelly-like material holding organelles in place vacuole storage site Mostly cellular waste products lysosome food digestion digest damaged/broken organelles mitochondria make ATP energy from sugar + O2 cell membrane cell boundary controls movement of materials in & out recognizes signals Regents Biology Ribosome •Make proteins Organelle # 7 Nucleus Function control center of cell Control everything going on inside the cell protects DNA instructions for building proteins Regents Biology cytoplasm jelly-like material holding organelles in place vacuole storage site Mostly cellular waste products mitochondria make ATP energy from sugar + O2 cell membrane cell boundary controls movement of materials in & out recognizes signals Regents Biology lysosome food digestion digest damaged/broken organelles nucleus protects DNA controls cell Ribosome •Make proteins cytoplasm jelly-like material holding organelles in place vacuole storage site Mostly cellular waste products mitochondria make ATP energy from sugar + O2 cell membrane cell boundary controls movement of materials in & out recognizes signals Regents Biology lysosome food digestion digest damaged/broken organelles nucleus protects DNA controls cell ribosomes build proteins Organelle # 8 Endoplasmic Reticulum Functions Transporting materials within the cell works on proteins helps complete the proteins after ribosome builds them Regents Biology cytoplasm jelly-like material holding organelles in place vacuole & vesicles transport inside cells storage lysosome food digestion digest damaged/broken organelles ribosomes builds proteins mitochondria make ATP energy from sugar + O2 cell membrane cell boundary controls movement of materials in & out recognizes signals Regents Biology nucleus protects DNA controls cell ER transport materials makes membranes Organelle # 9 Golgi Apparatus Functions finishes, sorts, labels & ships proteins Put the final touch on the proteins ships proteins in vesicles “UPS trucks” Regents Biology vesicles carrying proteins transport vesicles cytoplasm jelly-like material holding organelles in place vacuole transport inside cells storage lysosome food digestion digest damaged/broken organelles ribosomes builds proteins mitochondria make ATP energy from sugar + O2 cell membrane cell boundary controls movement of materials in & out recognizes signals Regents Biology nucleus protects DNA controls cell ER transport materials makes membranes Golgi apparatus finishes, packages & ships proteins How are plant cells different than animal cells? Plant cell Animal cell Answer Plant cells contain all the organelles that animal cells. However, it also contains 2 extra organelles! Regents Biology Plant cells have 2 extra Organelles that animal cells do not have Plant cell cell wall support Make the cell rigid chloroplast make ATP & sugars in photosynthesis Regents Biology nucleus control cell protects DNA endoplasmic reticulum transport materials makes membranes ribosomes make proteins cytoplasm jelly-like material around organelles central vacuole storage: food, water or waste Golgi apparatus finish & ship proteins cell wall support mitochondria make ATP in cellular respiration cell membrane cell boundary controls movement of materials in & out recognizes signals Regents Biology chloroplast make ATP & sugars in photosynthesis lysosome digestion & clean up Check for Understanding Go to www.MrLeLivingEnvironment.weebly.com Click on Video Archives and watch the Cell Song clip Use it to help you complete the next part of this assignment Regents Biology Check for Understanding Regents based questions Go to www. Castlelearning.com Log on and complete the Cell Organelles assignment (8 questions) Regents Biology